﻿GLOSSARY 
  

  

  The 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  words 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  parentheses, 
  the 
  abbreviations 
  being 
  as 
  

   follows: 
  Q., 
  Quechua; 
  Sp., 
  Spanish; 
  Ay., 
  Aymara; 
  Ar., 
  Arawak. 
  

  

  Achiote 
  (Sp.)- 
  A 
  red 
  paint 
  or 
  dye 
  made 
  from 
  Bixa 
  orellana; 
  also 
  called 
  bixa. 
  

  

  Agregado 
  (Sp.). 
  See 
  Forastero. 
  

  

  Agropecuarian. 
  Subsistence 
  based 
  on 
  combined 
  farming 
  and 
  herding. 
  

  

  Aine, 
  ayni 
  (Q.). 
  Loan 
  of 
  objects 
  or 
  labor 
  against 
  equivalent 
  return. 
  

  

  Alcalde 
  (Sp.). 
  A 
  judicial 
  and 
  administrative 
  officer 
  in 
  villages, 
  towns, 
  and 
  

  

  municipal 
  districts, 
  usually 
  appointed; 
  in 
  Indian 
  settlements, 
  an 
  Indian 
  

  

  officer. 
  The 
  alcalde 
  mayor 
  corresponds 
  to 
  a 
  mayor 
  and 
  chief 
  magistrate. 
  

   Alcalde 
  de 
  vara 
  (Sp.) 
  Official 
  governing 
  a 
  barrio, 
  the 
  smallest 
  political 
  division 
  

  

  (so 
  named 
  because 
  of 
  his 
  staff, 
  or 
  vara). 
  

   Alferez 
  (Sp.) 
  . 
  Standard-bearer; 
  a 
  minor 
  and 
  inexpensive 
  cargo. 
  

   Altiplano 
  (Sp.) 
  . 
  High 
  plateau, 
  specifically 
  in 
  southern 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bolivia, 
  including 
  

  

  Lake 
  Titicaca. 
  

   Amauta 
  (Q.). 
  Inca 
  group 
  of 
  learned 
  men. 
  

   Anden 
  (Ay. 
  ?). 
  Agricultural 
  terrace, 
  secured 
  upon 
  hillsides 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  retaining 
  

  

  wall. 
  

   Anexo 
  (Sp.). 
  (a) 
  Outlying 
  section 
  or 
  suburb; 
  (6) 
  political 
  division, 
  being 
  part 
  

  

  of 
  a 
  district 
  and 
  composed 
  of 
  barrios. 
  

   Antara 
  (Q.). 
  Panpipes. 
  

  

  Apacheta 
  (Q.) 
  . 
  Wayside 
  heaps 
  of 
  stones, 
  ritually 
  accumulated 
  by 
  Indian 
  travelers. 
  

   Arroba 
  (Sp.) 
  . 
  A 
  measure 
  of 
  weight 
  equal 
  to 
  about 
  25 
  pounds, 
  or 
  of 
  liquid 
  equal 
  

  

  to 
  about 
  4 
  gallons. 
  

   Audiencia 
  (Sp.). 
  Judicial 
  tribunal, 
  with 
  or 
  without 
  executive 
  power, 
  presided 
  

  

  over 
  in 
  Peru 
  by 
  the 
  Viceroy. 
  

   Ayllo, 
  aylyo 
  (Q.) 
  . 
  The 
  bolas, 
  or 
  weighted 
  throwing 
  cord. 
  

   Ayllu 
  (Q.) 
  . 
  (a) 
  An 
  association 
  of 
  families 
  united 
  by 
  community, 
  territorial, 
  and 
  

  

  genealogical 
  links; 
  (b) 
  Colonial 
  settlement, 
  larger 
  than 
  an 
  estancia 
  (cattle 
  

  

  ranch) 
  and 
  smaller 
  than 
  a 
  pueblo 
  (village) 
  . 
  

   Balsa 
  (Sp.) 
  . 
  A 
  raft 
  made 
  of 
  bundles 
  of 
  light 
  reeds. 
  

   Barrio 
  (Sp.). 
  A 
  division, 
  ward, 
  or 
  precinct 
  of 
  a 
  town. 
  

   Bayeta 
  (Sp.). 
  A 
  baize, 
  or 
  woolen 
  cloth. 
  

   Bracero 
  (Sp.) 
  . 
  Coastal 
  agricultural 
  or 
  industrial 
  proletariat. 
  

   Cabildo 
  (Sp.). 
  Town 
  council. 
  

   Cacique 
  (Ar.) 
  . 
  West 
  Indian 
  term 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  Andes 
  to 
  designate 
  a 
  chief, 
  whether 
  

  

  hereditary 
  or 
  appointed. 
  (See 
  Curaca.) 
  

   Camarico 
  (Sp.). 
  Parishioner's 
  presents 
  to 
  his 
  curate. 
  

   Camayo 
  (Q.) 
  . 
  Servant. 
  (See 
  Yanacona.) 
  

   Camisa 
  (Sp.). 
  Shirt. 
  

  

  Cargo 
  (Sp.). 
  Any 
  civic 
  or 
  lay 
  responsibility. 
  

   Ceja 
  de 
  la 
  Montana 
  (Sp.). 
  Upper 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Montana, 
  the 
  eastern 
  slopes 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  Andes. 
  

   Chacra 
  (Q.) 
  . 
  Any 
  parcel 
  of 
  agricultural 
  land. 
  

   Chaquira. 
  Bead. 
  

   Charqui 
  (Q.). 
  Dried 
  (jerked) 
  meat, 
  usually 
  llama. 
  

  

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