142 THE ANATOMY OF AMPHIPTYCHES URNA. 
These cilia are seen in longitudinal section to form a continuous line along one side 
of the vessels, and are apparently connected at their bases with cells, the nuclei of 
which can be detected. Hach vessel is immediately surrounded with a specially 
dense ring of connective tissue, in which also distinct nuclei can be seen. ‘The 
cuticular-like lining is wanting where the cilia pass through. There are no structures 
to be found resembling the “flame cells” of other Cestodes or of Trematodes, and 
another point of distinction lies in the fact that the vessels are for the most part 
placed im the central core of connective tissue, and not superficial to this. Where a 
network of canals is present in other Cestodes, as in Tetrahynchus, Bothriocephalus, 
and Caryophylleus, it lies superficially.* A ring of vessels is formed just posterior to 
the proboscis (Pl. 18, Fig. 1, e.), and from this ring a number of smaller vessels pass 
forward into the folds of the anterior “rosette,” and break up into an innumerable 
quantity of very fine vessels, without cilia, which ramify in the connective tissue 
within the folds. These vessels have extremely fine linear outlines (PI. 12, Fig. 9), 
and form a dense network in this part of the body. Another well-developed network 
is found enclosing the sucker at the posterior end, but the tubes, so far as I can 
determine, have no connection with this sucker. 
Wagener was unable to find any external opening of the excretory system, but, 
after long searching, I have been able to find two unmistakable openings on the 
ventral surface, one on either side of the body (Pl. 18, Fig. 1, ve.o.), slightly in front 
of the opening of the uterus to the external surface. 
Amphiptyches is not alone amongst Cestodes in having these paired openings to 
the exterior, and it is possible that more than this single pair may be present. 
It is difficult to say m what part the act of excretion of waste fluid material is 
actually carried on. Probably the minuter vessels are associated with this function, 
but no definite evidence of this is forthcoming, save the negative evidence that the 
larger vessels are lined by what appears to be a layer of cuticular material, only 
broken through where the cilia pass into the tube. As before said, no trace of 
structures comparable to ‘‘ flame cells” can be detected; what might appear in single 
transverse sections to be such structures (cf. Pl. 12, Fig. 8) are seen, when continuous 
series are examined, to be simply sections of tubes lined by a continuous longitudinal 
band of long, well-marked cilia, so arranged as to have a curious flame-like appearance, 
though very different to that ordimarily figured for ‘“ flame-cells.” 
(4.) Reproductive Organs.—The animal is hermaphrodite, and, as in the 
Trematodes and simpler Cestodes, only one set of organs is present. It may, however, 
be well doubted whether Amphiptyches is self-fertilising or not. It, together with 
* Jackson—‘ Forms of Animal Life.” Second Edition, page 658. 
