2 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 



Olifant's river, where the horizon is traversed by that river. There 

 are two places along this line of country where the conglomerate 

 can be well seen. One of these is on Klein Vley, in some dongas 

 cut by storm-water from Mount Synnott. At the lower end of the 

 dongas, near the Vark Fontein road, the ordinary, rather coarse, 

 sandstones of the Table Mountain series, containing a few white 

 quartz pebbles, are seen, but the actual junction with the overlying 

 conglomerate is not exposed. The beds dip at an angle of about 

 10° to the north-east. In the dongas a vertical thickness of some 

 forty feet of conglomerate is laid bare. The rock is much weathered, 

 and is yellowish-red in colour. The matrix is a sandy mudstone 

 without lamination planes. The majority of the enclosed pebbles 

 are micaceous clayey sandstones, often thinly laminated. This rock 

 resembles the sandstones of the Ibiquas beds more closely than any 

 other known to me. Pebbles of quartz and quartzite are fairly 

 abundant in this locality, but no fragments of granite or other 

 igneous rock were met with. The pebbles range up to eight inches 

 in length. Only a few of them were found to be striated, and these 

 were of small size. The upper part of the conglomerate and the 

 shale above are hidden by the debris from the Mount Synnott 

 escarpment. 



On the farm Lange Kloof, just below the boundary between it 

 and Zand Kraal Extension, a short kloof has been cut back from 

 the Lange Kloof river along the shale band, and there are several 

 outcrops of the conglomerate in the upper part of the kloof, while 

 yellowish-red, thinly-laminated sandy shales are seen to lie above 

 the conglomerate. The sandstones below are similar to those at 

 Klein Vley Extension, and the conglomerates at the two places are 

 very much alike. The conglomerate at Lange Kloof is eighty feet 

 thick, and over two hundred feet of shales lie between it and the 

 overlying sandstone, which is a coarse, false bedded rock with 

 scattered quartz pebbles. Several small scratched stones were 

 found in the conglomerate here. 



Near the boundary between Klein Vley and Groot Patrys Vley 

 there is a conical hill, oval in plan, above the left bank of the 

 Kliphuis river. The base of the hill consists of the sandstones 

 below the shale band, which forms an elliptical area, and above the 

 shale band there is an outlier of the upper sandstones. There are 

 many outcrops of conglomerate and shale round this hill, and the 

 passage from the unbedded mudstone with pebbles, about one 

 hundred feet thick, through twenty feet of laminated shale with 

 pebbles, to the thinly-laminated shale without pebbles, of which 

 there are some two hundred feet, can be found without much 



