INTRODUCTION. xi 



" Eduard Schnitzer was born on the 28th of March 1 840 in 

 Oppeln, in the Prussian province of Silesia. He is the son of 

 the late Ludwig Schnitzer and his wife Pauline, both Protes- 

 tants. His father was a merchant. The family removed in 

 1842 from Oppeln to Neisse, where the mother and a sister of 

 our friend still reside. After being educated in the Gymnasium 

 of Neisse, Eduard Schnitzer commenced the study of medicine 

 in 1858 at the Breslau University. He completed his medical 

 education in Berlin, where he attended the University during 

 1863 and 1864, and graduated. 



" A strong desire to travel and a great love for Natural 

 History, which distinguished him as a boy, led the young 

 medical man to look for a sphere of work in a foreign land. 

 He left Berlin at the end of 1864, and went to seek a practice 

 in Turkey. Chance led him to Antivari and Scutari, where 

 he obtained the confidence of the Vali Mushir Divitji Ismail 

 Hakki Pasha, from whom he received a post on his staff, and 

 whom he accompanied on his official journeys throughout the 

 various provinces of the extensive district under his jurisdic- 

 tion. In this way Schnitzer became acquainted with Armenia, 

 Syria, and Arabia, and at length arrived in Constantinople, 

 where Hakki Pasha died in 1873. 



" In 1875 Dr. E. Schnitzer paid a visit to his family in 

 Neisse, and remained there for a few months, devoting his 

 leisure hours to the study of Natural History. Suddenly, 

 however, the desire for travel came over him again ; he went 

 by the nearest route to Egypt, and, in 1876, we find this 

 enterprising man entering the Egyptian service as Dr. Em in 

 Effendi. He was ordered to join the Governor- General of the 

 Sudan at Khartum, and from there was sent to act as chief 

 medical officer in the Equatorial Province of Egypt, of which 

 Gordon Pasha was then Governor. 



" Gordon was the very one to value a man like Emin, and 

 to use to the full his gifts and powers. He sent him on tours 

 of inspection through the districts which had been annexed 



