522 APPENDIX. 



monk, applied in the Sudan more especially to teachers of the Koran, 

 and also to those who have learned to write. — Schweinfurth. 



Missions. — A very brief note on the Christian Missions in or near 

 the Equatorial Province may be interesting. In 1848 a mission 

 was started in Khartum under the leadership of Father Ryllo, who 

 was accompanied by Knoblecher, Vinco, and Pedemonte. The first 

 mission station on the White Nile was established at Ulibari, close to 

 Gondokoro, in 1851, and in 1854 the "Holy Cross" mission station 

 was founded not far from Abukuka, in the country of the Kich. For 

 thirteen years the missionaries laboured and suffered, fifteen out of 

 twenty of them died, and the mission was finally given up in 1862. 

 We owe important geographical and linguistic work to these intrepid 

 pioneers, especially to Morlang, Knoblecher, Beltrame, and Dorvak. 

 With regard to their success as missionaries, less can be said, but they 

 suffered so much from sickness that the wonder is they held on so long, 

 and it must not be forgotten that they were pioneers, and that they 

 had not the benefit of experience. The missionaries at Khartum and 

 El Obeid did good work, established schools, and met with no little 

 success. 



In 1876 the Church Missionary Society sent out a well-equipped 

 party to Uganda. In 1877 four of the party arrived at the south 

 end of the Victoria Nyanza, one of whom, Dr. Smith, died there. 

 Lieutenant Smith and the Rev. C. T. Wilson reached Uganda, but 

 the former was subsequently murdered, together with Mr. O'Neil, at 

 Ukewere. A mission has existed in Uganda ever since 1877, and a 

 number of missionaries have carried on the work in spite of great 

 difficulties and hardships. Mr. A. M. Mackay has laboured there for 

 ten years with the greatest perseverance and zeal. Much translation- 

 work has been accomplished, and the Mission- school has been resorted 

 to by large numbers, many of whom have become Christians. 



After Mtesa's death, Mwanga, his successor, tortured and burnt 

 many of the Christians, and ordered the murder of Bishop Hanning- 

 ton on the frontier; but, notwithstanding this, there are still about 

 45 communicants, 200 Protestant Christians, and 100 Catechumens. 



In 1878 Roman Catholic missionaries also reached Uganda, and 

 have continued working there up to the present time. They have 

 a school, and many of their pupils have suffered death on account of 

 their Christianity ; statistics are unavailable. — R. W. F. 



