16 Sir R. I. Murchison’s Address on the 
northwest has been also taken by Professor Harkness, and this 
summer he has successfully worked out, and has definitely ap- 
plied the Permian classification to large tracts in Cumberland, 
as explained in a letter to myself. He finds that the breccias 
and sandstones of Kirby-Stephen and Appleby, which at the 
latter place have a thickness of three thousand feet, extend 
northward on the west side of the Eden (the breccia being re- 
placed by false-bedded sandstones with footprints), and attain 
near Carlisle the enormous thickness of about five thousand feet. 
These beds he classes unhesitatingly as Lower Permian, because 
he finds them to be overlaid (near Ormside) by a group of clays, 
sandstones, and magnesian limestones, containing peculiar plant 
remains and shells of the genus Schizodus, representing in his 
Opinion the marlslate and magnesian limestone of Durham. 
These again support beds equivalent to the Zechstein, and the 
last are covered by the Triassic sandstone of the Solway. 
very striking fact, noticed by Professor Harkness, and cor- 
roborative of earlier researches made by Mr. Binney, is the ex- 
istence of foot-prints, in the Lower Permian of Cumberland, 
similar to those of Corncockle Moor, in Dumfriesshire, where, 
from my own observations, including those of last year, these 
Lower Permian sandstones have, I am convinced, a greater 
thickness even than that which is assigned to them in Cum- 
. 
x 
. 
4 
- 
f 
Notwithstanding these discoveries, we have still to show the _ 
continuous existence of the Lower Red’ Sandstone of Shropshire, 
Worcestershire, and Staffordshire, which I have classed as the 
lower member of the Permian rocks, and to decide whether it 
orthwards. Already, however, we have learned that our own 
little England, which contains excellent normal as well as varia- 
ble types of all palzeozoic deposits, there exists proofs that the 
Permian rocks, according to the original definition of the same, 
present to the observer, who examines them to the west as well 
as to the east of the Penine chain, nearly as great diversities of 
lithological structure, in this short distance, as those which dis- 
tinguish the strata of the same age in Eastern Russia in Europe 
of 
from the original types of the group in Saxony and other parts : 
Germany. : 
ieee MNES. a 
