Metallurgy. 127 
percentage of iron. The following are two analyses of some Norwegian 
o that has been used in the blast-furnace, and will be subsequently re- 
erred to :— 
2. 
Magnetic oxyd of iron, Ad ee we 54.72 
Titanic acid, - - - - . - 86°88 40°80 
ilica, - - - - - - . 13°32 1.58 
Magnesia, - - és gs lea ee ain 207 2°13 
ime, Oe frre ny ee eA ae “78 "66 
Bisulphid of iron (iron pyrites) - - - 1:05 err 
100-24 99°89 
Metallic iron, - 39 39°62 
no longer to be considered one of the rarer elements, as it occurs very 
generally disseminated, and is a universal constituent of all clays, as was 
pointed out by me in a paper read before the Chemical Society last year, 
and recently published, from which the following table is extracted—giv- 
ing the percentage of titanium in the principal fire bricks used in London. 
The methods adopted to determine titanium are not at all satisfactory ; 
the following results would certainly be too low rather than too high, as 
in all probability the whole of the titanic acid was not obtained :— 
Table showing the amount of Titanic Acid in Fire Bricks and Clay. A complete 
analysis of these Bricks was not made, except those of Dowlais, and the Titanic 
Acid is too low and only represents in part the amount present. 
Silica. Titanic Acid. 
Description of Brick. Per cent. Per cent. 
Stourbridge (Slickman), - - . - 65:11 1:05 
= Rufford), - . - - - 63°42 1°05 
Neweastle (Lucas), - - - - + 6049 60 
> (Stephenson)... 3.= fA x ian cet eps 7 
" amsey), - : - - - : 
Wortley Leeds (farina ai cpio hl ee See 96 
Harwarden, North Wales, - - + + 6289 69 
Dowlais, South W “ a : * . 63:02 1°04 
ellow London clay, (dry), - ee - 62 “50 
Ewell brick, Surrey; + * 0 ="). «ty to =< UERE trace 
Dinas brick, South Wales, - - - - 94°33 
Black alder, Devonshire, - - - T5616 “ 
From the above results it is apparent that in furnaces where clay iron- 
stone is used, the source of the titanium ‘is the clay in the ore and the 
shale attached to it. In siliceous ores, such as the hematites, the titanium 
most probably is obtained from the rutile, which is frequently found in 
quartz, and perhaps partly from the fire bricks and shale, which is fre- 
quently used. 
* These analyses were made in my laboratory by my late pupil, Mr. Betley. 
