86 
A.— INTRODUCTION. : 
In 1916 the present writer recorded the occurrence in 
Australia of a granuloma which, in his experience, was mos 
frequently found affecting the external genitalia of the horse. 
e condition was found to be of rather infrequent occurrence. 
It was first observed in 1912, and from this time onwards an 
occasional specimen was obtained. It was not until the early 
part of 1914 that the granuloma was found to be due to a 
larval Nematode. T 
These preliminary observations were recorded, and up t 
that time no record of the occurrence of the condition m 
Australia had been made. 
The condition was described under the name of "io 
ronemic granuloma, and the opinion was expressed that 4 
was none other than the granulomatous affection found et 
monly in the horse and ass in various parts of the bier ; 
and known usually as ‘‘summer sores," or "gra gum 
dermatitis." An hypothesis was advanced that a mene 4 
was in some way responsible for the introduction of the pir 
into or beneath the skin of the animal, and as a larva 
Habronema had been described as occurring in Stomoxys 
d 
The present 
observations, and records further observations and. ¢ Pa 
ments. After an investigation into the life-histories of 
three species of Habronema found in the stomach of the horse; 
and after an experimental investigation of the wee s 
nature of the tumours, the original hypothesis has now 
considerably modified. rom 
ince the disease was first recorded as occurring in ones 
tralia, Lewis and Seddon (1918) have recorded the occurren 
of the condition in the region of the conjunctiva of epus 
in Victoria 
Place (1915) in a previous publication had attempted tè 
prove that the occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the or : 
of the horse was commonly associated with the presence © 
larval Nematodes in this situation, and although he incrim1p 
ated a larval Habronema was no record of the wo 
i , there 
having been isolated and identified. 
ol ations are outlined below. . 3 
, The literature bearing on the subject of ‘‘summer sore? 
LI 
and other similar conditions is reviewed and discussed in the. 
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