126 
larval stage of Hubronema muscae, as observed by Ransom in 
Musca domestica. ' 
ter discussing the findings of the various authors, 
Railliet comes to the conclusion that the Nematode of “sum- 
mer sores” is none other than a larva of Spiroptera of the 
genus Habronema. His general conclusions are as follows : — 
1. The parasite of verminous dermatitis is an embryo 
or a larva of Habronema, which it is rational to 
ascribe to one of the three species of the genus 
living in the stomach of the horse. : 
2. The clinical forms of the affection vary in a certain 
measure with the stage of evolution of the parasite 
and with the climate. 
3. It is probable that the infection of the horse occurs 
rom without inwards by contact with manure, 
which harbours the embryos of Habronema rejected 
with the excrements, and that these embryos evolve 
in the skin as they do normally in the body of 
the fly. 
4. It is possible also that the larvae escape from the 
proboscis of the fly in contact with the sores. 
More recently van Saceghem (1917) published a summary 
of some observations he had made on ^ lar dermatitis 
as it occurs in equines at Zambi, Lower Congo. He found that 
the condition occurs only in animals kept in stables. The 
bedding was changed and the dung removed regularly from 
these stables. i 
disease is never localized in the hindquarters, but 
always in the fore quarters, on the legs, and the inner canthus 
of the eye. Lesions in other situations are rare. quines 
e larvae 
marked longitudinal striations. The lesions usually show P 
says that there is thus a massive infection at a single poin sd 
and it is not very probable that these larvae are all convey 
curing one short period of time to the same point. P. 
1n a later communication, van Saceghem (1918) sid 
‘ts of some experiments, and concludes that flies : 
ctors of the Habronema larvae, and that the larva foun 
