Laws of Botanical Nomenclature. 71 
Section 4. On the Precision to be given to Names by the Quota- 
tion of the Author who first published them. 
Art. 48. For the indication of the name or names of any 
group to be accurate and complete, it is necessary to quote the 
author who first published the name or combination of names 
in question, 
rt. 49. An alteration of the constituent characters, or of 
the circumscription of a group, does not warrant the quotation 
of another author than the one that first published the name 
or combination of names. When the alteration is considera- 
ble, the words: mutatis charact., or pro parte, or excl. syn., 
. exel. sp., excl. var., or any other abridged indication, are added 
to the quotation of the original author, according to the nature 
of the changes that have been made, and of that group that is 
dealt with. 
Art, 50. Names published from a private document, such as 
an herbarium, a non-distributed collection, etc., are individual- 
ized by the addition of the name of the author who publishes 
them, notwithstanding the contrary indication that he may 
ave given. In like manner names used in gardens are indi- 
meme by the mention of the author who first publishes 
em. 
The herbarium, the collection, or the garden, should be fully 
quoted in the text. (Lam. ex Commers. ms. in Herb. Par. ; 
Lindl. ex horto Lodd. 
. 51, When a group is moved, without alteration of name, 
to a higher or lower rank than that which it held before, the 
change is considered equivalent to the creation of an entirely 
new group, and the author who has effected the change 1s the 
one to be quoted. 
_Art. 52. Authors’ names put after those of plants are abbre- 
viated, unless they be very short. 
For this se, preliminary particles or letters that do not, 
strictly speaking, form part of the name, are suppressed, and the 
first letters are given without any omission whatsoever. ifa 
hame of one syllable is long enough to make it worth while to 
abridge it, the first consonants only are given (Br. for Brown) ; 
