Eruption of Mauna Loa and Kilauea. 119 
the spurs, and is covered with a dense pulu forest, which ex- 
tends far up the gentle slope of the dome of Mauna Loa. In 
the second one of these valleys—that next to Mr. Lyman’s— 
the so-called mud flow took place; but very extensive landslides, 
confined simply to the loose earth and conglomerate, also oc- 
curred in the other valleys. 
The ground around Reed & Richardson’s station is intersett- 
ed by numerous small cracks and fissures, running in every di- 
rection, * * -# * The magnitude of the force was such 
as to shake off the face of the pali, burying in a minute thirty- 
one human beings, many hundred head of cattle, entire flocks 
of goats, and ending four miles from its beginning in a mighty 
river of mud. Before reaching this mud flow, from Reed’s 
house, we passed two considerable streams of muddy water, 
of a reddish yellow color, emitting a strong odor of clay, 
such as may be perceived in potteries. Both streams have 
their origin’ in the landslide of the first valley. When we 
passed them again, two days later, they had nearly — 
They evidently owed their origin to the drainage of the fallen 
mass. The mud flow is met with three miles from Reed’s. 
projects itself from the spurs of the hills two miles down on 
the plain ; begins at once with a thickness of six feet, which, 
toward the middle, where it forms a small hill, rises to thirty 
feet, averages about three-fourths of a mile in width, and con- 
tracts toward its end. From this end a long cue of boulders 
bears witness to the violent action of a torrent which shot out 
of the mud after it was deposited, and which has since per 
uated itself in a stream of some size, quite muddy, and e 
ting the above mentioned pottery odor, when we saw It first, 
on April 20, but perfectly clear and inodorous when we passed 
it three days later. A little higher up, a koa grove gives still 
, the mud became solid enough to bear our weight, and we 
walked upon it to the head of the pali. The surface gradually 
