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Capt. Koschkuil on the Caucasus. 339 
In addition to the petroleum produced by the wells and 
springs in the valley of the Kuban, of which no accurate 
measurement has yet been made, the total annual yield of the 
1 
oil region of the Caucasus may be estimated as follows : 
Kilograms. 
1, Petroleum produced on the peninsula of Abscheron, 8,640,000 
2. ni ‘(Inthe valley of the Kur, ............ 192,000 
3 as “ce a“ “ a Ss 000 
__Inall the oil districts of the Caucasus in the vicinity of the 
oil springs, deposits of asphaltum and ozokerite have been 
discovered. Not long since a beginning was made in the use 
of these substances for the manufacture of paraffine, and the 
amount now obtained from this source is 100,000 kilograms 
per annum, 
Minor, having its center in Mt. Ararat. Earthquakes are so 
fommon in the Caucasus that they may be almost said, like 
inhabitants , to form part of the daily experience of the 
: vide Severity of these earthquakes varies greatly ; some are 
_ ‘mbly destructive, as was that which a few years since de- 
yed the fortress of Nazrau on the north side of the Cau- 
— qsus, and that other which nearly demolished the city of 
> The mud volcanoes now, or recently in action, are for the 
_ avSt part confined to the extremities of the great Caucasian 
“ain, that is, to the peninsulas of Abscheron and Taman. 
% 
