New Principles. of Gardening. 
The Kinds of Trees neceilary for this Work are Chef- 
nuts, Walnuts, Limes, Elms, Pine, Scotch Fir, ce. (whofe. 
Manner of Planting, ¢. follows in its proper Place of Foreft. 
Trees in the fucceeding Part.) 
This Work ought to be firft done, that when the Fruit- 
Trees are planted, they may be defended from all fuch Injuries. . 
The proper Places to plant thefe Efpaliers of Defence in, is. 
without the utmoft Walls at about fifty nine or fixty Foot 
Diftance from the Wall, in Rows tolerably thick, vzz. at the. 
Diftance of ten or twelve Foot inthe Row; and ’twill be beft. 
to plant two Rows at lea{ft, or three, at the fame Diftance from. 
One another in fuch a Manner, as tor the Trees in the fecond: 
Line to ftand oppofite to the intermediate Spaces of the firft, 
and thereby every three Trees will conititute an equilateral 
Triangle, and the Heads of the fecond Line clofe thofe of the: 
firft, and the like of the third to the fecond, &c. ~ 
When you plant three Rows of Trees for an Efpalier, ob-. 
ferve that thofe of the talleft Growth are placed in the back- 
moft Line, thofe of the middling Growth in the middle Line, . 
and moft of the fhorteft Growth in the firft Line; and if the 
Bottom be filled up with Lawrel, ’twill make an admirable good 
Efpalier of Defence. 
Hipaliers of this Kind checks the Violence of tempeftuous. 
Winds, much better than a Brick-Wall, which being clofe and. 
compact, reflects back the Winds, and oftentimes deftroy or 
greatly injure tender Plants; but when fuch Tempefts beat 
againit thefe Efpaliers, they eafily comply with its Force, with- 
out a dire€t Repulfe, (as a clofe Walt muft do,) or prejudice - 
any ‘Tree which they are planted to defend. 
XIX. When Walls are built againft Terrafs-Walks, they, 
fhould be built double, that is, that Wall as fupports the 
Weight of Earth, muft ftand about eighteen Inches backward 
behind that, againft which you plant your Fruit-Trees; and’ 
when thofe Walls are brought up near to their Height, an. 
Arch muft be turn’d from one to the other, in which, at eve- 
ry fifty or fixty Foot, ’tis good to leave fmall Air-Holes, to. 
~ out the Damps, whofe ill Effects would injure the Fruit- 
recs. 
N. B. 
IOER 
