New Principles of’. Gardening. 
Fourthly, Of raifing Trees by Layers. 
This Method of raifing Trees, is applicable to fuch that can- 
not be raifed from Seed, as Alms, Platanus, &c. and even 
many as may be raifed from Seed alfo, as the Lime, &c. 
The firft Work to be done herein is to make choice of a 
Piece of frefh Pafture, &c. as is very good and rich in Nature, 
and beft when inclinable to, or is a fandy Loam. 
Secondly, That the Ground be carefully trench’d two Spit and 
Crum in Depth, and in very fmall Spits, wherein plant Mo- 
ther-Plants (by Gardeners call’d Stools) of Elms, Limes, Pla- 
tanus, Alder, Abeal, Poplar, Philberd, &c. infuch Quantity as 
will be capable to produce the Number of Frees det'red. 
If your Stools are made of very large well grown bodied 
Trees, each will produce Yearly about thirty Layers, or Plants, 
fo that you may proportionate your Number of each fort, to | 
the Nature of your Soil wherein you intend to plant, and the 
Magnitude of your Plantation intended. 
The beft Time to plant your Stools is October; and if your 
Land be very frefh and rich, they may be planted, at leaft 
eight Foot from each other, both in the Row, as well as one Row 
from the other, and it matters not what the Form of the Trees 
are, as the Stools are made off, whether they be ftraight or 
croocked, fo as their Bodies are but large and well rooted. 
In February following, or rather Favuary, of the two Months, 
is the Time to lay down thofe Branches produced the laft Year. 
To every Stool you will have fix or feven principal Branches, 
which you: muft plafh at their Bottom, that they may com- 
ply with being laid down the eafier; which done, twift all the 
Side-Shoots at fuch a convenient Place, as will admit of the 
twilted Part to be about eight Inches deep, which may be let in: 
with a Trowel or Spade, and the extream Part of every Shoot, to 
be fhorten’d to five or fix Inches, or more, if need’ be, always 
obferving to leave three Buds at leaft above Ground; to place 
your Layers upright ; and that they are not too thick, where- 
by they will be all fmall, and’ hardly worth the Trouble of 
planting out. } 
In Ofober following, if the Seafon permits, take off the Layers, 
and prune away all the Parts of thofe principal Pare om 
9 2 ore 
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