4 PROCEEDINGS OF SPRINGFIELD MEETING. 



8. More particularly the signs of local glaciers have been pointed out by mj' 

 father and myself for the Green mountains in Massachusetts and Vermont ; by L. 

 Agassiz and myself for the White mountains; by myself for the whole northwest 

 border of Maine, and by Ells and Chalmers for Quebec. The latter authors, with 

 Dawson, are disposed to believe that there were no other than local glaciers in the 

 whole northern slope of the Atlantic district ; but we have evidence of older ice- 

 sheets from a lower till in the Chaudiere valley, from the same at Bethlehem, New 

 Hampshire (Agassiz), and from the peculiar dispersion of boulders down the Am- 

 monoosuc valley from the west flanks of the White mountains. There can be no 

 question of the presence of local glaciers in northern New England, passing over 

 sheets of underlying till that were laid down by a mightier glacier ; but it is a 

 matter of inference that these were coeval with the Champlain depression. 



9. The drumlins of eastern Massachusetts were probably formed at this same 

 Champlain epoch, for they contain not less than 55 species of mollusca (Crosby), 

 in fragmental condition, which lived in an earlier temperate climate. They are 

 not Pliocene, and hence belong to the Pleistocene. They have been transported 

 by ice from Massachusetts bay upward into the drumlins some 300 or 400 feet. 

 The glacier or possibly floating ice tliat transported these shells must have belonged 

 to a late date, and may for the present be correlated with the Champlain. 



10. It is possible to harmonize the glacier and iceberg theories by accepting the 

 above mentioned facts. The T^yellians demand notliing more than is conceded by 

 the adoption of the Champlain epoch as one of the glacial stages. Those who 

 adopt the diversity theory of ice ages are willing to give the Lyellians one epoch 

 when they can find everything else to correspond with their views. If these ex- 

 tremes can thus join hands over this icy chasm there need be no more animated 

 discussion over fundamental principles. 



11. The Champlain epoch, us now defined, corresponds very well with the ^leck- 

 lenburg stage of Geikie, for both had the characteristic marine molluscan fauna, 

 the Arctic flora {Yoldia beds of the Baltic), and best illustrate the isobases of De 

 Geer. The abundant moraines of the lialtic area may find an analogue in the 

 drumlins of the east, and perhaps the AVisconsin moraine may also be correlated 

 witli the Champlain. 



The paper by Professor Hitchcock was discussed at length, the follow- 

 ing Fellows i)articii)ating: I. C. \\'hite, J. F. Kemp, J. \V. Hpencer, W. 

 M. Davis, H. S. Williams and N. S. Shaler. 



The second paper wns — 



GLACIAL GENESEE LAKES 

 BY HERMAN L. FAIRCIIILD 



The paper was discussed by I. C. White, J. W. Spencer, N. S. Shaler, 

 H. S. Williams and W. M. Davis. 



Following the discussion of the above paper the Society adjourned for 

 the noon recess. 



