338 W. UPHAM — PREGLACIAL AND POSTGLACIAL VALLEYS. 



there has a thickness of 10 to 12 feet, and alono- an extent of at least 200 

 feet it incloses very abundant rock fragments up to tliree or four inches 

 in diameter, many others of larger size, and frequent boulders u[) to four 

 feet ill diameter, of all which a considerable i)roportion bear distinct 

 glacial striae. Under the till of that excavation, and divided from it at a 

 definite level plane, is the stratified sand and fine gravel of number 3- 

 Again, the same thin sheet of true till, with occasional Archean boulders 

 up to five feet in diameter, was seen on two large plateau areas in the 

 northeast angle of Independence and Bading streets, on the opposite side 

 of this railroad and an eighth to a fourth of a mile southwest of the fore- 

 going place. Both of these till deposits are probably a part of the west- 

 ward extension of the Newburg moraine. 



Most of the excavations for brick-making, however, which are numer- 

 ous within a third of a mile southeast and south of these localities, have 

 no well defined till, Init instead the stratum number 2 of the Clark 

 Avenue section is represented by a thickness of 15 to 20 feet of compact, 

 dimly stratified clay, holding no boulders, only very rare small stones, 



Figure 3. — Section from the Leipsic Beach and Big Creek north along Gordon Avenue to the Lake. 



I. L,eipsic beach. 2. Belmore or Sheridan beach. 3. Upper Crittenden or Woodland Avenue 

 beach. 4. I,ower Crittenden or Euclid Avenue beach. 



and no perceptible gravel or sand. This bed reaches eastward beyond 

 Petrie street and south to the Forest City i)ark, as revealed in i)its for 

 l)rick-making ; and ditches for laying water })ipes show it to continue as 

 the surface formation at least about a mile farther south, to the vicinity 

 of the intersection of Independence and Harvard streets. 



SOUril-TO-XORTII SECTION IN THE WEST PART OF CLEVELAND. 



The relationships of the shale, which is the bed rock, the till, and the 

 delta, together with the four beaches which will be presently described, 

 are shown by the accompanying section (figure 3), drawn from south to 

 north across Big creek and along Gordon avenue to the lake. Its length 

 is about four miles, the lake ward descent in this distance being about 

 200 feet. 



FROM NEWBURG NOUTHWEST TO LAKE ERIE. 



Similarly, figure 4 presents a section from Newburg (now annexed to 

 Cleveland) northwestward nearly along Broadway and Erie streets to the 



