340 W. UrilAM — PREGLACIAL AND TOSTGLACIAL VALLEYS. 



Woodland Tlills avenue at Kinsman street, 783 ; at South Woodland avenue, 779 ; 

 at North AV'oodland avenue, 741 ; at Quinoy street, 723. 



Woodland avenue at Perr}?- street, (570; at AVillson avenue, G75 ; at East Madison 

 avenue, 684. 



Surface of the ground at the Garfield monument, 822. 



Fairmonnt reservoir, bottom, 725 ; low and high water stages, 739-745 ; the walk 

 on the top of the embankment, 750. 



High Service reservoir on Kinsman street, bottom, 877 ; water surface, nearly con- 

 stant, 900. 



Beach Ridges in Cleveland. 



eela tion of the be a ches. 



Oil the accompanyinoj map of the city of Cleveland (plate 15), the 

 courses of the four ancient shore lines which are traceable through the 

 city are delineated. Surveys and investigations of the Pleistocene glacial 

 lakes of the Saint Lawrence basin h}^ \Miittlesey, Newberry, N. H. Win- 

 chell, Gilbert, Spencer, Taylor, Leverett, and others show that the u})per- 

 most beach seen at Cleveland is a continuation of the Tieii)sic beach ridge 

 (named by Winchell in northwestern Ohio), which is the second of the 

 two shore lines formed by the Western Erie glacial lake outflowing at 

 Fort W^ayne, Indiana, to the W^ibash river; and that the three lower 

 beaches are shores of the glacial lake W^arren, which outflowed at Chicago 

 to the Des Plaines and Illinois rivers, attaining in its maximum extent 

 an area that included tlie present lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and 

 Erie.* 



LEIPSIC BEACH OF THE WESTERN ERIE GLACIAL LAKE. 



In Rockport and Brookhni townshi})s the Leipsic Ijcach extends from 

 al)out a half mile north of Rock})ort station of the Lake Shore and 

 IMichigan Southern railway, east and southeast to the soutliern edge of 

 Brooklyn village, and onward across the Independence road, a])out a half 

 mile southeast of that village and a third of a mile south of the ceme- 

 tery, to the west side or brink of the Cuyahoga valley. The southwest 

 boundary of Cleveland lies a half mile to one mile nortlieast of this shore. 



North of Rocki)ort station the Leipsic shore is marked by two beach 

 ridges of gravel and sand, at nearly the same level, each rising 3 to 6 feet 

 above the expanse of till on the south and north. Crossing Lorain street, 

 one and a half miles east-northeast of Rockport station, this shore is a 

 terrace eroded in the till, having a descent of 20 feet toward the north- 

 east within 15 or 20 rods, and bearing 5 to 8 feet of gravel on its top. 

 The same wave-cut terrace, though becoming less conspicuous, continues 



* Tlie relations of these lakes, and of others succeeding them, held by the recedinK ice-sheet 

 in the Saint Lawrence basin, are discussed by the present writer in the American Journal of 

 Science, III, vol. xlix, pp. 1-18, witli map, Jan., 1895. 



