342 W. UPHAM — PREGLACIAL AND POSTGLACIAL VALLEYS. 



Belmore ridge. It appears to be continuous with Spencer's Uidgeway 

 beach north westward, and with the Sheridan beach of Gilbert and Leverett 

 eastward. 



About one and a quarter miles north of Rock[)ort station, and a half 

 mile north of the Leii)sic shore, this Belmore beach curves from a north- 

 eastward to an easterly course, nearl}^ coinciding there with the Warren 

 road and Linn street. Thence it passes east-southeastward, crossing 

 Lorain street at the beginning of Denison avenue. Here and onward for 

 two miles Denison avenue runs on tlie top of its massive ridge of sand 

 and gravel, which is 10 to '20 feet high above the smooth exi)anse of till 

 on each side, with a width of 20 to 30 rods between the bases of its slopes, 

 and with a smoothly rounded or nearly Hat top from 5 to 10 rods wide. 



Turning more southward, this beach ridge leaves Denison avenue close 

 east of Wyoming street, and at a short distance farther it is cut through 

 by the dee[) and wide i)ostglacial valley of Big creek, whose sides, to 

 within 10 or 15 feet below their top, are shale. Continuing through 

 Brooklyn village, this wide sandy ridge is the site of Mechanic and Broad 

 streets and passes onward through the cemetery. 



On the east side of the Cuyahoga valley the conspicuous Belmore 

 ridge of sand and gravel begins close east of the Independence road, two 

 miles west-southwest of Newburg. A half mile northeastward it forms 

 an exceptionally high knoll, about 30 feet above the general level, crowned 

 with an oak grove. Running thence northeasterly, tliis massive beach 

 ridge crosses Harvard street just west of the Newl)urg riding i)ark ; it is 

 less prominent where it intersects ]>roadway at the South High School, 

 but at some points onward in its course to Union street at the soutli end 

 of East Madison avenue, and to Kinsman street at Fairview avenue, it 

 rises as a well defined sand ridge, very distinct from the till on each side. 

 Becoming farther on mainly a moderately sloping terrace of erosion, it 

 is crossed by the Woodland Hills avenue between North Woodland 

 avenue and Ingersoll road. Its farther course northeastward, in the 

 vicinity of the Western Reserve University and Lakeview cemetery, is 

 much obscured by the ravines which cut through the thinly drift-covered 

 shale bluffs. 



From the crest of these bluflfs, on a level with the })ase of the Garfield 

 monument and overlooking the Cuyahoga embaymcnt and delta and the 

 city of Cleveland, there extends away southeastward a nearly level or 

 moderatel3M-olling plateau of shale, with thin glacial drift, about 250 feet 

 above the lake. These grand topographic features seem due almost 

 wholly to preglacial subaerial erosion, in a small degree modified by 

 glacial erosion, but not affected by any lacustrine agencies. 



The crest of the Belmore beach on Denison avenue, and in its higher 



