CONSEQUENCES OP THEORY AS TO OKIGIN OF CUSPS. 



405 



occur together, but each is found alone ; therefore to make the point 

 more emphatic each will be considered by itself. 



In all the figures used in this paper the water is on the right and the 

 land on the left without regard to the compass bearing in those figures 

 drawn from actual localities. The older mainland is 

 cross-hatched, while the forelands are left white. The 

 observer is supposed to look from the point of view of 

 the sea as it attacks the land ; therefore the two sides 

 of the figures will be spoken of as the right and left 

 respectively as seen from the sea looking toward the 

 land. 



Types of offset without accompanying overlap are 

 given in figure 1. Overlaps are commonly accom- 

 panied by offsets of the shore curves in the same direc- 

 tion, as is markedly the case in Fire Island inlet, Long 

 island (C. S., 119). One shore curve offsets another 

 when the curve itself or the continuation of the same 

 passes to seaward of the next succeeding shore curve. 

 When this offset is slight it may be perceived by looking 

 along the shore curve putting the eye close to the map, figure x.—offsets. 



The typical example of offset without overlap is on the west coast of 

 Jutland (Denm., Thisted), where the currents are known to be from the 

 south, which is in this case the right. * The right shore curve systemat- 

 ically offsets the left along all the western coast of Denmark. 



Many examples of similar offsets are know^n along 

 the coasts of the world, and wherever the dominant 

 current is known from observation the offsets follow 

 this law : Tlie current floius from the outer curve toward the 

 inner one. On account of the number of cases in which 

 the offsets agree with the observed currents, it is pretty 

 safe to conclude when offsets occur systematically in 

 one direction that the dominant movement alongshore 

 is in all probability from the curves which offset toward 

 those w^hich are offset. 



Figure 2 shows t3q3ical overlaps. The right hand 

 curve of the outer shoreline laps over the next suc- 

 ceeding curve of the outer shoreline. A curve which 

 overlaps the succeeding one generally offsets it as well, 

 though in places, as is shown in the lowest example in figure 2, the 

 up-current curve may intersect the down-current one if extended far 

 enough. This occurs where the factors of alongshore transportation are 



Figure 2. — Overlaps. 



*H. Mohn: The North Ocean, Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-78, 2, xviii, p. 168, 

 pi. xliii. 



