OTHER CUSPATE DELTAS. 421 



have all the figures in this paper stand with the water on the right and 

 the land on the left. 



OTHER CUSPATE DELTAS. 



A delta less cuspate than the Tiber is the Tagliamento (Austr., 22, 

 viii, ix ; 23, viii, ix), which shows very prettily three stages of growth, in- 

 dicated by lines of villages on higher ground, with intervening marsh areas. 



The Angitola delta, Italy (Ital., 241), is apparently an embryonic stage 

 of the method of formation illustrated in figure 11. It extends a small 

 cuspate point beyond the curve of the bar closing the bay, as if the stream 

 crossing the bar was relatively strong enough to divide the alongshore 

 current. It has been found impossible to pick out from the other exam- 

 ples of cuspate deltas given below any which were later stages of the 

 Angitola type. The maps give little more than the form of the latest 

 stage of development. The progressive series of forms should be studied 

 on the ground in order to see what was the embryonic condition. This 

 study is analogous with what is done by the paleontologist when he peels 

 off the outer shell of an Ammonite in order to discover its embryonic form. 



In both the Biferno (Ital., 155) and the Ofanto rivers (Ital., 165) the 

 deflections indicate a current from the right at present, though formerly 

 the deflection was in the opposite direction. 



In the two following examples of delta forelands, Volturno (Ital., 171, 

 172, 184) and Ombrone (Ital., 127, 128, 135), the streams are deflected in 

 both directions, thus indicating no dominant current alongshore. 



The current is probably from the left, in front of Alento delta (Ital., 

 141) and from the right at Neto delta (Ital., 238). 



In the Volstrap at Saeby (Denm., Frederikshavn) the southward de- 

 flection of the mouth indicates a prevailing current from the right. 



The Danzig mouth of the Vistula (Germ., 70) shows deflection to the 

 right. 



Kolberg is built on the cuspate delta of the Persante (Germ., 93). 

 The evidence along this coast is for a current from the right. 



Punta Arenas, a Chilean settlement. South America, is built on a fore- 

 land made by combined action of river and sea (H. O., 450a). Deflec- 

 tion is to the left. 



Many of the discharge sluices emptying into the Zuicler Zee have built 

 cuspate deltas, and though aided by artificial means the form is so typi- 

 cally cuspate that they are included in this category (HolL, 15, 16, 21, 

 26, 27, 32). 



Cusps from Island-tying. 



A characteristic feature of shore development of a drowned region dur- 

 ing adolescence is the tying of islands to each other and the mainland. 



