52G PROCEEDINGS OP rillLADELPHIA MEETING. 



The only coal beds of interest here are those witliin the interval between the 

 trach}' te plates. They are 



AVhite-ash coal bed 2 feet G inches to 7 feet. 



Interval 70 " 



Coking coal l)ed 1 foot to 2 feet 6 inches. 



Interval 80 feet. 



Cook- White coal bed .3 " 



Interval, about 150 " 



Waldo coal bed 4 " 



The White-ash bed is not more than 15 feet below the upper plate, and the AValdo 

 bed as found in the bore-hole about 10 feet above the lower plate of trachyte. 



The White-ash bed has been mined at many pits along Coal canyon for a distance 

 of nearly three miles, beginning at about a mile and a half from Waldo. It is the 

 important bed of the region and the only one now mined. It was examined in 

 four pits, two of which are now in operation. At the old Boyle mine, about a mile 

 and a half above Madrid, the coal is a hard dry anthracite, varying much in char- 

 acter. It is slipped and jointed throughout. Some portions closely resemble the 

 graphitoid anthracite of Rhode Island. 



The Lucas mine at ^Madrid was idle when visited, but work had been stopped 

 for only a short time. The southerly levels of this mine yield an anthracite of ex- 

 cellent quality, equal in appearance and composition to the average anthracite of 

 Pennsylvania, l)ut the northerly levels show a rapid change. Jointing becomes an- 

 noying at a little distance from the slope and the coal is wasted in the breaker. 

 Within 350 feet evidences of great pressure and disturl)ance accumulate and the 

 coal soon is laminated, like that from some Vespertine mines of southwest Virginia, 

 with the polished surfaces, often curved, frequently not more than one- fourth of 

 an inch apart. This, however, is still anthracite, and work w^as stopped in these 

 northerly levels only because of great waste in breaking. 



The Cunningham mine, at the lower end of Madrid, entered a tender coal at the 

 crop; the slope was pushed 1,100 feet, but no anthracite was found. The coal 

 burns with flame. 



The White-ash mine, al)Out half a mile north from the Lucas, is the important 

 pit. At one time trains might be seen coming from its sloi)e made up of cars car- 

 rying, some of them, anthracite, others the tender, seiiii-])ituminous, and others 

 still the ricli bituminous coal which has given this mine its reputation. The bitu- 

 minous coal, containing 39 i)er cent of volatile combustible, is ol)tained from the 

 northerly levels, but the southerly levels yield for the most part what is called 

 tender coal. The latter is dull, very tender and much of it has an almost cone-in- 

 cone structure. It is reached in the southerly levels at varying distances from the 

 slope. The passage from bituminous into anthracite through this tender coal is 

 shown in the sixth level, southerly, where the tender coal was reached at 125 feet 

 from the slope and the anthracite at 450 feet. The ])assage is gradual. The an- 

 . thrac'ite makes its appearance at the bottom and thickens gradually, crushed coal 

 being replaced by laminated and that by the harder almost homogeneous coal, 

 the change being completed within 50 feet. 



The Coking bed was worked some years ago at a))out two miles above Madrid, 

 where its coal was coked in ricks. 



The Cook-White coal is no longer mined, but it has been opened at many places 

 along Coal canyon, and the changes in character of the coal are clearly shown. 



