AFRICAN MAMMALS 



157 



groups whose ancestors are not found in the Eocene of Europe and North 

 America. 



3. Marine mammals related to Eocene and Oligocene Cetaceans and 

 Sirenians of Europe and North America, but in some cases more primi- 

 tive. 



The first group must be regarded as recent immigrants from the north- 

 ern continents. The second group ma;^be provisionally regarded as 

 autochthonic, evolved in Africa during the Eocene. We can not be cer- 

 tain that they were so because we know next to nothing of the early Ter- 

 tiary mammals of any part of Asia. But there are good grounds for the 

 inference that they were not evolved in northern or north-central Asia nor 

 in Europe, North America or South America nor Australia. The third 

 group is presumably Mediterranean, but the presence of primitive sur- 

 vivals indicates perhaps that the North African coast was not the center 

 of dispersal of these animals. 



Arranging the fauna thus, we have : 



Immigrants 



Carni vora ( Hysenodonts ) 



HycBnodon 



Pterodon 



Apterodon 



Metasinopa 



Rodeutia (Theridomyids) 



Phiomys 



Metaphiomys 



Artiodactyla (Anthracothores) 



Ancodan 



Rhagatherium 



Autochthones Mabine 



1. Embrithopoda J. Sirenla 

 Arsinoitherium ' Eotherium 



2. Proboscidea Eosiren 

 PalcBomastodon Protosiren 

 1 Mcerltherium 2. Cetacea 



"i BarytJierium Eocetus 



3. Hyracoidea Protocetus 

 Megalohyrax Zeuglodon 

 Saghatherium 



Geniohyus 

 Bunoliyrax 

 Mixtohyrax 

 Pachyhyrax 



4. ? Insectivora 

 Ptolemaia 

 Metolhodotes 



5. Primates 

 Parapithecus 

 Propliopithecus 

 ? Apidium 



More than half these genera are represented by well preserved skulls ; a 

 few by a large series of skulls of several species. Great series of vertebrae, 

 limb and foot bones have been collected, but except for the marine genera 

 there is practically no association of skull and skeleton parts, and the 

 identification of the bones is based on considerations of size, zoological 

 affinities, and relative abundance of the different bones and consequently 



