CORRELATION AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY 253 



attempted solutions have taken into account all of its elements or brought 

 into accord all the evidence. 



The foundations of ISTorth American paleogeograph}', or of the more 

 precise determinations of the land connections with South America, the 

 Antillean archipelago, and with Asia obviously rest largely on the filling 

 in of the successive faunistic and geologic stages in the American column. 



Europe 



In Europe, Dollo'^ (1909) in Belgium, Stehlin^^ in Switzeriand (1903- 

 1910), Deperet" (1905)^*^ and his colleagues and students in France have 

 made great advances in the Eocene to Miocene correlation, and we await 

 the Pliocene section with impatience. Stehlin has been another able con- 

 tributor (1904)-® to correlation in France and Switzeriand. Both these 

 authors have discussed American faunistic connections and migrations, 

 but neither has furnished us as j^et with the highly desirable stratigraphic 

 sections. Osborn (1910) has plotted the Eocene to Pliocene localities on 

 the map of Europe chiefly according to the correlations of Deperet. 



The mammal life of Europe, in which the vertebrate paleontologist is 

 constantly aided by the interstratification of marine shell-bearing de- 

 posits with continental or fluvio-marine mammal-bearing deposits, is 

 obviously the standard or criterion for the exact subdivision of the Amer- 

 ican Tertiaries in the future. Only in the Tertiaries of the coast of 

 Florida and to a limited degree of the California coast does the American 

 paleontologist enjoy this advantage. As aforesaid by the present writer, 

 it may be stated that Europe will surely set the time scale of the epochs 

 and stages and America must follow. 



Asia 

 Quite recently exact exploration has been revived in Asia, and the 



^ L. Dollo : The Fossil Vertebi'ates of Belgium, Correlation Bulletin no. 2. Annals of 

 the New York Academy of Science, vol. xix, no. 4, pt. i, 1909, pp. 99-119. 



" H. G. Stehlin : Saugetheix'e des Schweizerischen Eoca^ns. Abh. Schw. Pal. Gesell., 

 vols, xxx-xxxvi, 1903-1910. 



28 Charles Deperet : Note sur la Succession Stratigraphiqne des Faunes de Mammif^res 

 Pliocenes d'Europe et du I'lateau Central en Particulier. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 3e 

 Ser., tome xxi, 1898, p. 524. 



Sur I'Age des Couches a Pahroniastodon du Fayoum. Bull. d. 1. Soc. G^ol. de France, 

 4 s^r. 1. vii, 1907, pp. 193-194. 



The Evolution of Tertiary Mammals and the Importance of their Migrations. Amer- 

 ican Naturalist, vol. xlii, nos. 404, 495, 497, February. March, and May, 1908, pp. 109- 

 114, 166-170, 303-307. 



2» H. G. Stehlin : Sur les Mammiferes des Sables Bartoniens du Castrais. Bull. d. 1. 

 Soc. Geol. de France. 1904, 4°, ser. t. iv, 1904. pp. 445-475. 



"^ F. Roman, M. Flyche, and A. Torres: I^e Neogone Continental dans la Basse Valloe 

 du Tage (Rive Droite). Ire Partie. I'alcontologie, Avec une Note sur les Empreintes 

 Vegetales de Perncs (par M. Fliche). 2 Partie. Stratlgraphie (par Antonio Torres). 

 Comm. du Service G^ol. du Portugal, Lisbon, 1907, 4to. 



