TERRACES WEST OF KELLOGG REGION 527 



tion of the 600-foot terrace. Curiously, trraiiite boulders occur in tlie 

 shallow valley between these ridges at about the level of the summit in 

 the gap. Large angular fragments of granodiorite near the snmmit of 

 the railroad grade are probably the result of blasting several boulders at 

 least 4 feet long. 



A narrow terrace about 150 feet above the river, southwest of Kings- 

 ton, has many cobbles and small boulders of granite and other igneous 

 rocks and represents the 200-foot terrace. One granite boulder is 4 feet 

 long. There is one subangidar 14-inch fragment of coarse gneiss (with 

 plates of white mica one-half inch long) of a decidedly Archean aspect. 

 A 40-inch granite boulder is imbedded in the soil J300 or 350 feet above 

 the river. At 500 or 600 feet above the river there is a shallow saddle 

 crossing a ridge in line with similar saddles on ridges east and west, 

 doubtless representing a partially reexcavated shallow channel under 

 the southern portion of the 600-foot terrace. Gravel continues to the 

 top of a small rounded peak, 600 or 700 feet above the river. From its 

 top one can see many ridges of similar height, whose summits roughly 

 outline the floors of broad valleys extending down the river and up its 

 two forks. The so-called "old valley^' is the deep channel that was filled 

 to a depth of at least 500 feet to the level of these broad valley floors. 

 The main river shifted to the north side of the broad valley, and when 

 it cut down again it encountered buried rock ridges, through which it 

 excavated the gorges of the new valley. 



The section of the old valley between Kingston and Cataldo is about 

 300 yards wide at its narrowest part and its floor is about 150 feet above 

 the river at Cataldo. The uppermost deposit near the summit is a bed 

 of subangular local debris, local conglomerate, water-worn cobbles, and 

 small boulders and the usual sprinkling of granite and other foreign 

 rocks, including gneiss and mica schist. On the surface igneous rocks 

 constitute 10 to 25 per cent of all boulders and cobbles over 3 inches in 

 diameter. On the western slope we get below the gravel bed, and the 

 road bed imperfectly exposes a very fine-grained orange-colored non- 

 pebbly silt. However, boulders continue to be scattered over the surface. 

 In an orchard there is a boulder of granodiorite 9 feet long, 8 feet wide, 

 and projecting 41^ feet above the soil. (The mountain behind is of 

 quartzite.) Certainly this huge boulder was not brought by ordinary 

 river action. I can only conceive of ice as the agency that brought it to 

 its present position over a soft silt bed. 



Farther down the slope the silts are exposed in a railway cut to a 

 thickness of 18 feet. They are extremely fine grained, finely laminated, 

 and absolutely non-pebbly. The colors are bright, mostly pink and yel- 



