KOOLAU RANGE 21 



Koolaupoko commences on the southern flank of Kaumakua, with 

 similar high cliffs extending to the sea and making battlements, alcoves, 

 and temples as before. Kualoa is the extreme point, from which the 

 shoreline runs westerly, and thus takes a southeast course for about 

 10 miles before bending back again to make Mokapu point. Waikane 

 is an important valley close to the beginning of Koolaupoko. For a 

 dozen miles against Koolau bay the land is mostly low and is adja- 

 cent to the Pali ; but low ridges on it show that here, at right angles 

 to the cliff, are the same transverse valleys as at Waianae. Such names 

 as Waiahole, Kaalaea, Kahaluu, Heeia, and Kaneohe indicate their 

 presence. 



Starting at the beginning of the elevated range, the first peaks are un- 

 named and unmeasured, except one at the head of Halawa valley, which 

 is given as 2,800 feet. At the head of Moanalua valley (west side) there 

 is a gap, the first important one thus far seen all the way from Kahuku. 

 A second gap is at the head of Kalehi valley, not much above 1,300 

 feet, and the third is at the Pali, 1,207 feet, the only place crossed by a 

 wagon road the whole length of Koolau. Lanihuli, 2,775 feet, is the 

 mountain north, and Konahuanui, 3,105 feet, the highest peak in the 

 whole eastern section of the island, lie to the south of the gap. Other 

 peaks are Olympus, Lanipo, and Puuokona, before coming to the ter- 

 minal cliff, 642 feet high, at Makapuu point. Two well marked ridges 

 cross the platform on the east side. From Konahuanui a mountainous 

 spur runs northeasterly across to Kaneohe point, more than 7 miles in 

 length, with the following named peaks : Ulumawao, Kalahao, Kaaluala, 

 and the crater at the end. A spur of less dimensions leaves the main 

 range at the head of Palolo valley — Lanipo. It is worn down almost to 

 the level of the plain near the Pali, say 300 feet, and then rises to Olo- 

 mana, 1,643 feet, one of the finest needle peaks seen anywhere on the 

 island (plate 3). To the southeast is the large triangular valley of 

 Waimanalo. 



On the south side of Koolaupoko there are nearly 20 canyons of ero- 

 sion within the space of 19 miles between Makapuu point and the west- 

 ern section of the Honolulu sugar plantation, where the southerly 

 sloping plateau succeeds. Those in Maunalua next Makapuu point are 

 short and unnamed. In Niu larger ones succeed, but are without names 

 on the map, except Wailupe, 3 miles, long. Then follow Palolo, Manoa, 

 Panoa, Nuuanu, Kalihe, two branches of Moanalua, two branches of 

 Halawa, and Kalauao. There is an interesting series of small canyons 

 cutting the long sloping plateau in the higher parts of the Ewa district, 

 affording what is sometimes styled the arborescent style of drainage, and 



