LAELOA SERIES OF SECONDARY CRATERS 37 



The surface is rough, without vegetation, and there is a heiau (heathen 

 temple) on the highest point. 



Palailai, 470 feet high, lies to the northwest rather more than a mile, 

 in a very important geodetic position, and there is a signal always visi- 

 ble on it. It is a well defined basin-shaped cone, consisting of clinker 

 lava and depressed on the southern side. On both sides of it there may 

 be seen a gray basalt low down containing the spherical nodules analogous 

 to the columnar structure. A mile to the northeast of Palailai there 

 seems to be a volcanic vent, open to the south, with two to three hundred 

 feet of red tuff arranged quaquaversally about it. Some of the laj^ers, 

 consisting principally of hematite, have the appearance of being a 

 separate center of eruption without a real crater. Brown tuff overlies 

 the red. 



Makakilo, 970 feet high, a mile and three-quarters from Kapolei, is 

 the next cone in order, and is dome-shaped. It is closely connected 

 with the ash of the supposed unnamed vent just mentioned. The rock 

 at the summit consists of red tuffaceous ash and compact basalt more 

 than usually sonorous when struck with a hammer. The layers dip 

 gently westerly. It has a slight resemblance to a crater, as seen from 

 the next cone to the north. Low down on the east side the drab lavas 

 of the Kaala series appear, overlaid by red ash, which seemed to have 

 a high dip toward the summit of Makakilo, as if there were present the 

 remnants of the eastern rim of a very large crater. This view has not 

 been verified by later visits, Red earth, resulting from the decay of 

 ash, covers both Makakilo and Kapuai. 



Kapuai, the next summit, of fully 1,000 feet altitude, lies a mile due 

 north from Makakilo, and is composed of the same ash and sonorous 

 basalt in layers having a low northerly dip. It may form part of a larger 

 rim whose outlines are not now understood. Heiaus grace the summits 

 of Palailai and Kapuai. 



The most northern of these Laeloa craters is Kuua, about 1,300 feet 

 high, two and a quarter miles north of Makakilo and 4 miles north from 

 the railroad. It is a well defined crater, falling away on the east side, 

 composed of solid basalt, slightly chrysolitic, and is the largest, best de- 

 fined, and most northern of the Laeloa series. There is a considerable 

 depression between Kuua and Mauna Kapu (2,740 feet), somewhat 

 north of west upon the Waianae mountains behind. Between these older 

 summits and Kapuai and Makakilo there may be other ill-defined 

 craters, as between Kapuai and M*aunawahua (2,430 feet). Red earth 

 and a little red ash rest high up the east slope of Kuua, but the main 

 part of the cone is distinctly basaltic, like Palailai and Kapolei. The 

 other cones between are tuffaceous. 



