ROCKY HILL, KAIMUKI, AND MAUUMAE 47 



surmised that this rock came from Rocky hill, as there is a slope from 

 the crater to the quarry and to the church. There are several masses of 

 cinders interrupting the continuity of the basalt, which are suggestive 

 of blow-holes and steam vents. Amygdaloidal and zeolitic minerals occur 

 at the quarry. Phacolite and laumontite have been identified among 

 them. Calcite and amorphous silica are also present, the latter on sur- 

 faces several square feet in extent in rudely parallel lines. The bluff is 

 traversed by small veins full of nephelite, granular melilite, and augite. 

 Either of these minerals ma}^ form a layer of crystals, closely crowded 

 together, all standing vertically to the plane of occurrence. Veins three 

 inches wide or less abound in these minerals, mixed with a multitude of 

 acicular crystals of kaliophilite. Mr Wirt Tassin has identified these 

 species. This is the most interesting mineral locality seen anywhere on 

 the island. 



Kaimuki is the small crater north from Diamond head, 292 feet above 

 tidewater, otherwise known as Telegraph hill. It was first described and 

 figured by Dana in the exploring expedition report. Kaimuki and 

 Mauumae are both represented in that report as beautifully rounded 

 craters, by the side of Diamond head ; but no one could find them now 

 if he were obliged to discover cones as handsome as those there delineated. 

 Kaimuki is estimated to be about 900 feet in diameter, 50 feet deep, and 

 somewhat depressed on the side toward Diamond head. On the other 

 side a sort of blow-hole has brought forth a large amount of brick red 

 and gray clinker. The chief flow has been toward Moiliili church. It 

 is a solid basalt containing much iron, as is proved by the red earth, pro- 

 duced by disintegration, lying on it. A certain block is pointed out 

 by the side of the road which sounds like a bell when struck by a ham- 

 mer or stone. This particular block is especially sonorous because it 

 does not rest securely on the ground. 



The road east from the church passes between Kaimuki and Mauumae, 

 and the lowest point in the divide will represent the meeting place of 

 the lava from the two craters. Real estate agents are opening new streets 

 across this northerly slope, and some quarries are furnishing stone suitable 

 for building purposes. Some of it is amygdaloidal, and probably the 

 minerals found will be like those in the quarry on the other side of the 

 old church. This lava has spread itself over the coral reef at the base of 

 the flow on the Waikiki side; on the other side it reached to the older 

 Koolau basalts, blocking up the Palolo valley, so that the stream had 

 to change its course — excavate a canyon for itself — and join the Manoa 

 river, which had been displaced by another flow. The united river flows 

 to the sea at Waikiki, across extensive rice fields. It is easy to see the 

 limits of the Kaimuki flow on the Koolau side of the canyon. 



VII— Bull. Geoi.. Soc. Am., Vol. 11, 1899 



