POST-TERTIARY POSSILIFEROUS DEPOSITS. 15 



During this excavation no fossils were found, but from the same quarry a tusk of 

 Mephas primigenius and a pair of horns of Cervus iarandus were sent some years ago to the 

 Hunterian Museum (University of Glasgow), with a statement that they had been found 

 at a depth of thirty-four feet from the surface. By washing some sandy clay in which the 

 horns were embedded, and also the clay preserved in the cracks and crevices in the tusk, 

 Messrs. Craig and Young have discovered (1) that the specimens came from the same bed, 

 and (2) that this bed was of freshwater origin, and quite distinct from any bed 

 containing marine shells. 



It appears clearly proved, therefore, that there exists in this district, beneath the old 

 Boulder Clay, a freshwater bed containing the remains of E. primiyenius and C. tarandus. 



New pits having been sunk, Messrs. Craig and Young have been able to throw 

 fresh light on those beds beneath the Boulder Clay we are now discussing.' 



At No. 9, Woodhill, Kilmaurs, about half a mile from the old Woodhill quarry, 

 the following beds were pierced : 



Surface-drift and Boulder-clay . . . . . 50 ft. 



Sand bed, containing Arctic marine shells . . . 1 ft. 3 in, 



Sandy peaty clay, about . . . . . 1 ft. 



Coarse gravelly sand . . . . . 1 ft. 6 in. 

 Carboniferous strata. 



Every one of the nine species of Mollusca found in this sand bed also occurs in the 

 glacial clay, resting in hollows of the Boulder Clay (of which we shall presently speak), so 

 that the bed is entirely different from Mr. Jamieson's Aberdeenshire " pre-glacial " sand 

 and gravel, although it occupies the same position relatively to the Boulder Clay. 



The same remark applies to a sand bed found beneath the Boulder Clay at a pit 

 250 yards south-east from No. 9 pit, Avhere the section is — 



Surface-drift and Boulder-clay . . . . . 42 ft. 



Sand bed, with Arctic shells . . . . . 5 ft. 



Clay-shale, the roof of the " Major Coal." 



In this pit the coarse gravelly sand and sand and peaty clay of the neighbouring pit 

 are absent.^ 



Messrs. Craig and Young believe that the freshwater bed, containing mammalian 

 remahis, is situated beneath the Arctic shell-sand, and consequently conclude that the 

 land has suffered a long submergence since the mammoth and the reindeer existed in the 

 pre-glacial valley of the Carmel at Kilmaurs, but for their ingenious argument on this 

 point we must refer to the paper already cited. 



1 'Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,' vol. iii, p. 315. 2 Yq^^,^ p, 315. 



