RELATIONS OF THE GLACIAL FAUNA. 99 



The existence of an Arctic current, the wide expanse of land in the American Arctic 

 regions exercising its chilling influence, and other circumstances connected with the 

 directions of the mountain-ranges and the heights of the water-shed, account to a large 

 extent for the climate of Canada. 



A corresponding series of changes would explain not the whole phenomena of the 

 glacial epoch, but the existence of the fauna of the glacial clays in Scottish waters. The 

 shiftings of level, of which there is ample evidence, would involve rearrangements in the 

 relative proportions of land and water ; while there would be vital alterations in the 

 directions of the Arctic currents, and a deflection in the Gulf Stream/ 



^ See a paper " Oa the Reason why the Change of Climate in Canada since the Glacial Epoch has been 

 less complete than in Scotland," by James Croll, ' Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,' vol. ii, p. 138. Also a 

 paper " On the Relation between the Glacial Deposits of Scotland and those of Canada," by H. W, 

 Crosskey, F.G.S., ibid., p. 132. 



