NODOSARIA RAPHANUS. 215 



NoDOSABiA EAPHANUS, Fomasini, 1894. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, 



ser. 5, vol. iv, pp. 204, 205, pi. i, figs. 

 ' 41 — 45 {= N. inflata and ahbreviata, 



Costa). 

 — — De Amicis, 1895. Nat. Sicil, Ann. xiv, pp. 29 and 61. 



Characters. — Subcylindrical and tapering, varying from fusiform to club- 

 shaped ; longitudinally ribbed, the number and strength of the costse variable, 

 Three varieties from the Crag are here illustrated : 



1. PI. I, figs. 4, 5 ; typical for such as Linne named from the figures given 

 by Plancus and Gualtieri; with many ribs (15 — 16). 



2. PI. I, figs. 22, 23; short and thick, with few ribs (9—10). This form 

 corresponds with fig. 86 of Silvestri's pi. iv, Nodosaria acuticostata. 



3. PI. VI, figs. 9, 10; short, thick, and neatly compact form (about 15 to 16 

 ribs). Fornasini's Nod. Bassa7iii, 'Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna,' ser. 5, vol. iv, 

 1894, pp. 205, 206, pi. i, figs. 38 — 40, is near this variety, but has fewer ribs.^ 



Gradations and varieties of N. raplianus are shown under the name " Dentalina 

 proinnqtia, Beissel," 1891, in the ' Abhandl. K. Preus. Geol. Landesanst.,' n. s., 

 pt. iii, p. 35, pi. vii, figs. 14 — 27. 



Note. — As it is almost impossible to sort all the figured specimens allied to 

 N. raphanus and coming within its varietal range, the foregoing synonymy must 

 be understood as indicating some of the best marked and most distinguishable of 

 the forms. 



(There are also marginuline forms of the same type, which will be noticed 

 under Marginulina.) 



Occurrence. — Nodosaria raphanus is rather common in the Mediterranean and 

 Adriatic at depths ranging to 1100 fathoms. The tables appended to the 

 ' Challenger ' report record its presence in soundings from off Culebra Island, 

 Danish West Indies (390 fathoms) ; and from a depth of 1375 fathoms near Juan 

 Fernandez. Its geological range extends from the Lias. It has also been 

 recorded from the Chalk of Bohemia, Westphalia, and Keady Hill, Ireland ; from 

 the London Clay (Eocene) ; the Miocene of Malaga, Vienna, and Muddy Creek, 

 Victoria ; and the Pliocene of Italy. In the Coralline Crag it has been met with 

 at Sudbourne and Broom Hill, zone d ; and at Sutton. It has also been found in 

 the Norwich Crag (Thorpe). 



^ In F. Sellheim's " Beitrag zilr Foraminiferen-Kenntniss der frankischen Juraformation," 

 Inaugural Dissertation, &c., Erlangen, 1893, the Dentalina, sp. alf. lamellosa, Torq., page 12 (of sap. 

 copy), pi. o, fig. 3, seems near enough for Nodosaria raphanus ; and N. duodecim-costata, fig. 2, is 

 not far removed ; fig. 4 might be N. raplianistrum. 



