314 FORAMINIPERA OF THE CRAG. 



Teuncatulina involtjta, 'Fi-anzenau, 1889. Math. u. Naturw. Berichten aus 



Ungarn, vol. vii, p. 263, pi. iv, fig. 4. 

 EoTALiA, sp., Beissel, 1891. Abbandl. K. Preuss. Geol. Landes., n. s., part 3, 



p. 73, pi. xiv, figs. 20—24 (thick variety). 

 Tbuncatulina Ungeeiana, Terrigi, 1891. Mem. E. Com. Geol. Ital., vol. iv, 



p. 106, pi. iv, fig. 9. 



— — Be Amicis, 1893. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. xii, 



p. 447. 



— — A. Silvestri, 1893. Atti Eendic. Accad. Sci. Lett. 



Arti Zelanti Acireale, vol. v, p. 19, 

 pi. iv, figs. 39—41. 



— — Egger, 1893. Abh. k. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. xviii, 



part 2 (not descr.), pi. xvi, figs. 19 — 21. 

 Planoebulina UngeriajSta, Ooes, 1894. K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxv, 



No. 9, p. 90, pi. XV, fig. 780. 

 Tbuncatulina Ungeeiana, De Amicis, 1895. Nat. Sicil., Ann. xiv, pp. 53 and 63. 

 Planoebulina Ungeeiana, Goes, 1896. Bull. Mua. 0. Z., Harvard Coll., vol. 



xxix, p. 71. 



Characters. — Shell free, orbicular, depressed; consisting of about three 

 revolutions in a complanate spire ; aboral side convex, depressed at the umbilicus ; 

 oral surface nearly flat; periphery thin, often acutely carinate. Chambers 

 numerous (8 — 12), convex, extending to the umbilicus, and bounded by sinuous 

 septal lines on the aboral side. Foramina generally very numerous and con- 

 spicuous ; oral surface of the shell often granular. 



The regular Planorhulinse present so unbroken a series that it must always be 

 a matter of individual judgment, rather than one of strict rule, how its subdivision 

 should be effected. Hence, out of deference to the opinion of other authors, we 

 have presented a somewhat limited synonym of P. JJngeriana, else we know of no 

 permanent characters which would have precluded our adding P. Akneriana and 

 many other so-called species to the list ; for example, Botalina tuberculifera, Reuss, 

 Rotalia granosa, Reuss, Truncatulina horrida, Karrer, which differ from the 

 normal form in their increased tendency to a granular or tubercular condition, 

 especially of the lower surface. 



Occurrence. — Truncatulina TJngeriana has a wide geographical and bathy- 

 metrical range. The ' Challenger ' Report records its occurrence in the North 

 and South Atlantic, the North and South Pacific, and the Mediterranean. We 

 have numerous specimens in our own Collection from the Indian Ocean. 



In a fossil condition it has been recorded from the Cretaceous of Swanscombe, 

 Kent ; the Eocene (London Clay) ; the Oligocene of Germany ; the Miocene of 

 Malaga, Italy, Vienna, and Muddy Creek (Victoria), and the Pliocene of Garrucha 

 (Spain), Italy, and St. Erth. In the Coralline Crag we have it from every zone 

 examined. 



