INTRODUCTION. 



11 



,, ,, , England. 



Scotland. 



Lower Caeboniteeous orl fCarboniferous Limestone series"! |,, ■ t • 



„ n n 1 -r c 1 ^ • H Mountain Limestone. 



Calcaeeous series J Lt-alciierous Sandstone series I _ ^ . , , » 



(.Lower Limestone, shales, &c. 



The term Carboniferous limestone Series lias been applied to a division of the 

 Carboniferous rocks of Scotland, and therefore cannot be used for the name of the 

 main division, though at the same time it is somewhat of a misnomer to apply the 

 term in this sense, for the words " Carboniferous Limestone " are used to denote in 

 England and Ireland a deposit which differs vastly from that which obtains in 

 Scotland. 



Coal Measures 



Geneeal Sequence op the Carboniferous Rocks op Scotland. 



rl. Upper or red sandstone group. — Eed sandstones, shales, and 

 thin coal. 



2. Lower or black group. — Sandstones, shales, fireclays, and coal 

 seams. Sandstones and lenticular coal seams below. Base 

 the Slaty band ironstones. 



3. Sandstones, shales, fireclays, and lenticular seams of coal. 

 The last series are generally classed as Millstone Grit, but such a 



division is arbitrary, not founded on a break either in the 

 lithological or in the palaeontological sequence. 

 Cabbon'ifeeous Limestone /-Sandstones, shales, limestones, and coals, with the Hosie lime- 

 SEEiES of Scotland I. stone at the top and the Hurlet limestone as the base. 



^Cement stone group. — Shaly clays and argillaceous limestones, 

 oil shales, and sandstones ; many brackish or fresh- water 

 beds. 

 Red sandstone group. — Eed and green marls and sandstones. 



Calcieeeotis Sandstone 



SERIES 



The Carbonifeeous Sequence in Northumberland.^ 

 Coal Measures 



/'Coal seams with alternating beds of shales, sandstones, and fire- 



clay down to the base of the Brockwell seam. 



Gannister and Millstone^ Sandstones, shales, and coals, with Aviculopecteu, near "Whitton- 



Geit (probable repre- 

 sentatives of) 



Upper Limestone series 



LowEE Limestone division 



stall (Le6our) ; but there is nothing really distinctive of 

 Millstone Grit. 



'Upper calcareous division. Sandstones and shales with one or 

 more beds of marine limestone and some coals. 



Calcareous division with a base at the bottom of the Eedesdale 

 limestone, with many beds of marine limestone, sandstone, 

 shales, and coals. 



Carbonaceous division. — Limestones and coals. 



Tuedian division. — Massive grits and shales ; coals rarely. 



Lower Tuedian or cement-stone group. — Cement-stone bands pass- 

 ing into limestones ; coals very rare ; shales and sandstones. 



1 After Tate and Miller, ' Geol. Mag.,' dec. 3, vol. iv, 1887, p. 117; ' Eeport of Sub-Committee 

 on Classification,' luternat. Geol. Congress, 1888, p. 149. 



