PULVINULINA ELEGANS. 325 



Pulyinulina elegans, Brady, 1884. Eeporfc ' Challenger,' pp. 684, 699, pi. cv, 



figs. 4—6. 



— — — 1887. Journ. R. Micr. Soc, p. 923. 



— — Fomasini, 1887. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. v, p. 141. 



— B., P., and J., 1888. Tr. Zool. Soc, vol. xii, pt. 7, p. 228, 



pi. xlvi, figs. 2 a — c. 

 Walther, 1888. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, vol. viii, 

 p. 352, pi. xx, fig. 6 ? 

 Eotalia, cf. Bouei [eana], Beissel, 1891. Abliandl. k. Preuss. Landes., n. s., 



part 3, p. 72, pi. xiv, figs. 25—29. 

 Pulvinulina elegans, Be Amicis, 1893. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. xii, p. 453. 



— — Fgger, 1893. Abh. k. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. viii, p. 410, 



pi. xviii, figs. 37—39. 



— — Fomasini, 1893. Istit. Bologua, vol. iii, 1893, p. 435, 



pi. iii, figs. 18, 18 a, 18 4. 



— — 1894. Foram. Coll. Soldani, Sagg. Oritt., pp. 



9 and 11. 



— Goes, 1891. K. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Handl., vol. xxv, No. 9, 



p. 97, pi. xvi, fig. 808. 



— — Be Amicis, 1895. Nat. Siciliano, ann. xiv, pp. 55 and 63, 



— Chapman, 1895. Proceed. Zool. Soc, 1895, p. 42. 



Goes, 1896. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., 

 vol. xxix, p. 76. 



Characters. — Shell trochoid or biconvex, subcarinate. Upper (spiral) surface 

 more or less conical ; lower convex, often umbonate. Septal lines and margin on 

 both sides of the shell in some degree limbate. Septa on the under side arcuate, 

 and usually very oblique. 



The distinction between this species and Pidvinulina Karsteni is one of some 

 doubt and difficulty. In general terms P. elegans may be said to be of larger 

 dimensions, less neatly and compactly made, with an occasional tendency to the 

 limbation of sutures on both surfaces of the shell, and with the septa on the lower 

 surface taking a very oblique direction ; whilst P. Karsteni is limbate only on 

 its lower surface, and the septa on that side are straight and radial. 



Occurrence. — Taking the records of the ' Challenger ' and ' Gazelle ' Reports 

 together, Pulvinulina elegans appears to have an almost world-wide range; but it 

 has apparently not been met with in Arctic and Antarctic seas. The depths from 

 which the 'Challenger' and 'Gazelle' specimens were taken ranged from 37 

 to 2000 fathoms ; but we have specimens in our own collections from the Indian 

 Ocean at a depth of 2694 fathoms. 



Fossil specimens have been met with in the Lower and Upper Lias ; the 

 Neocomian (Bargate Beds) of Surrey ; the Phosphatic Chalk of Taplow (Bucks) ; 

 the Eocene (London Clay) ; the Oligocene of Elsass and Pietzpuhl ; the Miocene 



