346 F0RAMIN1FERA OF THE CRAG. 



Nonionina umbilicatula, Bgger, 1893. Abhandl. k. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. xviii, 



p. 426, pi. xix, figs. 36, 37. 



— Goes, 1894. K. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl., vol. xxv, No. 9, 



p. 103, pi. xvii, fig. 823 (fig. 824, Haplo- 

 phragium ?). 



— — De Amicis, 1895. Nat. Sicil., Aun., xiv, pp. 55 and 63. 



— Soldanii, Egger, 1895. Jahresb. xvi, Nat. Ver. Passau, p. 40, pi. iii, 



figs. 18 a, b. 



— — Goes, 1896. Bull. Mus. C. Z. Harvard Coll., vol. xxix, 



p. 78. 



For a more exact, and not chronological, list of the near allies of N. umbilica- 

 tula see Mr. Millett's catalogue, p. 340. 



Characters. — Small, neat, many-chambered, and nautiloid ; compact with flush 

 septa and hollow umbilici. 



ff-o ^ \J £L ^^W Figs. 29 a, 29 b. — Nonionina umbilicatula (Montagu). 1 Zoological type. Specimen from tlie 



p^^sSi J ^«"" r~B Coralline Crng of Broom Hill ; zone e. x 30 diam. 



Occurrence. — Nonionina umbilicatula is a cosmopolitan form, and has a bathy- 

 metrical range down to 3125 fathoms. It has been found in a fossil condition in 

 the Eocene (London Clay and Calcaire Grossier) ; in the Oligocene of Germany ; 

 the Miocene of Italy, Vienna, and Muddy Creek, Victoria ; the Pliocene of Italy, 

 Antwerp, Garrucha (Spain), and St. Erth ; and in the Pleistocene generally. In 

 the Coralline Crag we have specimens from Sudbourne and Broom Hill, zone d. 



The variety shown by PI. V, fig. 32, began its growth like N. umbilicatula, with 

 neatly compact chambers ; but afterwards had inflated chambers with sunken 

 sutures. This varietal condition is illustrated by several published figures, such 

 as (N. crassula) by Parker and Jones, ' Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,' ser. 2, vol. xix, 



1857, p. 286, pi. xi, figs. 5, 6; by Williamson (N. crassula), ' Rec. Brit. Foram.,' 



1858, pp. 23 (umbilicatula, p. 97), pi. iii, figs. 70, 71 ; by Goes as N. depressula, 

 < K. Svensk. Vet. Selsk. Handb.,' vol. xxv, p. 104, pi. xvii, figs. 825, 826. See 

 also N. depressula, Brady, ' Challenger ' Rep., p. 725, pi. cix, figs. 6, 7. 



According to the view as to whether the earlier or the later stage is to be 

 regarded as characteristic, this form may be either umbilicatula becoming 

 depressula, or depressula beginning as umbilicatula. In either case the later stage 

 may be said to be affected by decadence or weakness of growth, resulting in a 

 variation from the compactly built type. 



The specimen under notice is one of several rather variable individuals 



1 The specimen figured by Montagu, although the first published form, is not so good a real 

 zoological tgpe of the " species " as the form here represented. Such specimens as this have been 

 carefully figured by d'Orbigny as A 7 ". Soldanii, and by Brady and others as A 7 ", umbilicatula. 



