﻿SCABRvE. 



145 



first of these gentlemen I am indebted for the loan of good illustrative specimens, and 

 also for the subjoined note descriptive of the geology of the Upware district. 1 



1 Upware is situated on the Eiver Cam, about twelve miles below Cambridge; an outlier of the 

 Coralline Oolite occurs here, and the phosphatic bed has been formed on the shore of the Coral Island, 

 from whence a plentiful supply of calcareous matter having been obtained, will account for the vast number 

 of Brachiopoda (about twenty-five species), many of them new, which have been found in this deposit. The 

 phosphate bed is often divided into two or more layers, the "coprolites" in the upper one are lighter in colour, 

 having been acted upon by water, &c. ; the shells, &c, proper to the deposit are found more abundantly at 

 the base of the bed ; masses of these shells are sometimes found cemented together by calcareous matter. 

 The phosphatic nodules are water-worn, and have been probably derived from the denudation of the Oxford 

 and Kimmeridge clays. Bryozoa, Serpulse, &c, occur, and some of them have in their growth followed the 

 outline of the nodules, which shows that the nodules have existed in a hardened condition at that period. 

 Besides these nodules and phosphatized shells derived from these clays, several fossils derived from the 

 Coralline Oolite are found ; among these are Diadema pseudodiadema, Hemicidaris intermedia, casts of Chem- 

 nitzia, &c. Many remains of Fishes occur in this deposit, viz. Sphcerodus gigas, Ag. ; Gyrodus, sp. ; 

 Asteracanthus ornatissimus, Ag. ; Pycnodus gigas ; Hybodus (spine and sphenanchis) ; Psammodus reticu- 

 lars, Ag. ; JEdaphodon. Of Reptiles — Pliosaurus, Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, Dakosaurus, and Iguanodon. 



The fossils proper to the bed consist of a friable carbonate of calcium ; among the Brachiopoda are Tere- 

 bratula Davidsoni, T. Fittoni, T. sella, T. prcelonga, T. depressa, Rhynchonella Woodwardi, R. Upwarensis, 

 &c. Other Bivalves are not very plentiful ; among them are Opis neocomiensis, Cardium sp., Cyprina sp., 

 Pecten Robinaldinus, P. Carteronianus, P. Cottaldinus, P. atava, Plicatula Carteroniana, Ostrea macro- 

 ptera. There are several Gasteropoda. Most of the Sponges which occur at Farringdon are found in this 

 deposit, as Manon macropora, M. porcatum, Verticilites anastomosans, &c. The sections of the deposit 

 vary in different fields. Many Trigonioe were found in the lower part of the first section given. 



Geological Magazine] vol. iv, p. 309, July, 1867. — First field worked. 





ft. 



in. 



Surface, black peaty soil, containing bones of Red-deer, Horse, &c. 



about 1 



6 



Layer of light-coloured " coprolites " . 



„ 1 







Sand (called by the workmen " silt ") ... 



„ 1 



6 



Vein of dark-coloured " coprolites " .... 



» o 



9 



Silt ....... 



„ 1 



6 



Vein of dark " coprolites " . 



„ 1 







Clay (not pierced). 



Section (Mr. H. Keeping), 'Geological Magazine,' vol. v, p. 273, June, 1868. — Another field. 



Non-fossiliferous Gault. 

 Phosphatic bed in Gault. 

 Gault, about one foot thick. 

 Upper layer of Lower Greensand. 

 Upper phosphatic bed. 



Lower Greensand with few fossils. 



Lower phosphatic bed of the Lower Greensand, 



rich in fossils. 

 Pure Kimmeridge Clay. 

 Kimmeridge Clay mixed with Coral Rag. 

 Coral Rag. 



The age of the bed is the same as that of the deposits at Potton, Faringdon, and Godalming, viz. 

 Upper Neocomian, containing fossils proper to that deposit, and fossils derived from the denudation of the 

 Kimmeridge and Oxford Clays and of the Coral Rag. 



