INTRODUCTION. xliii 



conditions of existence, differing from those under which the former now lives, presents 

 certain variations within the Hmits of the species, we hope satisfactorily to show in the 

 Monograph upon Hyaena, to be pubKshed at a future day. 



§ 10, D. Species common to cold and tropical climates. — One of the Pleistocene mani- 

 maha, the Felis anfiqua, of Cuvier, or the fossil representative of the F. pardtis, of Linnaeus, 

 has at the present day a most extended range throughout Africa, from Barbary to the Cape 

 of Good Hope (Cuvier), and throughout Persia into Siberia. In this latter country M. 

 Gotthelf Fischer^ describes it as occurring in the Altai Mountains and in Soongoria, a 

 tract of country also that is inhabited by tigers. The fox and the wolf are like instances 

 of some of the living carnivora being able to endure almost every degree of temperature 

 without being specifically modified by it. 



§ 10, E. Species still inhabiting the temperate zones of Europe. — The fifth, and by far 

 the largest, group of the Pleistocene mammalia embraces those stiU living in the temperate 

 zones of Europe. It consists of twenty-eight species : 



Homo. 



Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. 

 Vespertilio noctula. 

 Talpa vulgaris. 

 Felis catus ferus. 

 Canis lupus. 

 „ vulpes. 

 Mustela errainea. 



,, putorius. 



„ martes. 

 Lutra vulgaris. 

 Meles taxus. 

 Ursus Arctos. 

 Sorex vulgaris. 



Sorex moschatus. 

 Bos primigenius (?). 

 Bison priscus. 

 Cervus elaphus. 



„ capreolus. 

 Sus scrofa ferus. 

 Equus caballus. 

 Castor Europaeus. 

 Arvicola amphibia. 



„ agrestis. 

 „ pratensis. 

 Lepus timidus. 



„ cuniculus. 

 Mus muscuhis. 



The Bison priscus, or the aurochs of the Pleistocene, that spread over nearly the whole 

 of the Pleistocene Europaeo-Asiatic continent from the Pyrennees through France and 

 Germany as far as Behrings Straits and Eschscholtz Bay on the American shore of the 



1 'Zoognosia," iii, p. 221 (8vo, Mosquse, 1814) : — "Sic dictam unciam a CI. Steven sestumatissimo 

 nostri musei largitore accepi ex montibus Soongoricis et jugo Altaico, pantheram Africanam ex ditissiraa 

 donatione Excell. Pauli de Demidoff obtinuimus. Hesc profundiore colore gaudebat, uncia vero albidiore, 

 sedmacularum nullam vidi diflferentiam. Individium vivum nunc apud Excell. Principem de Yussupoff con- 

 servatum ex Persia venit, etiam albidiore indutum est veste, et maculae subannulares, in pedibus et cauda 

 magis virgatae sunt. Uncia itaque pelle albidiore, juniores pardos indicare videtur." — Cuvier (torn, cit., 

 vol. iv, p. 428) endorses this determination. 



