HIPPOPOTAMUS. 3 



Hippopotamus major was distinct from the living Hippopotamus amphibius and 

 concludes that there is no specific difference between the two forms. 



Most of the British hippopotamine remains known as yet were from the Thames 

 valley, but in 1853 Denny 1 described a remarkably fine series of bones from Wortley 

 near Leeds. The bones were associated and unworn, suo-gestino- that the animal 

 lived on the spot. Denny also alluded to the occurrence of the hippopotamus at 

 Overton near York, and this st ill remains the most northerly record of its occurrence. 

 Next to the series from Barrington, to be alluded to later, the Leeds series is still 

 the most nearh perfect from Britain. 



Some of the remarkable small hippopotami from islands in the Mediterranean 

 were early described, //. pentlandi from Sicily by H. von Meyer" in 1 S:?2, 

 IF. mi mi fits from Malta, first described by Cuvier, more fully by de Blainville 3 in 

 1847. 



In 1836 appeared Falconer and CautleyV first account of the fossil hippopotami 

 of the Siwalik Hills, followed in 184-7 by the 'Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' in which 

 ten fine plates were given of hippopotamine remains, and the generic names 

 Tetraprotodon and Hexaprotodon, based on the number of the incisor teeth, were 

 proposed. These forms are described in Falconer's ' Palreontological Memoirs' 

 (1868). 



In 1860 Falconer 5 published (in abstract) his first paper on the Gower caves, 

 in which he records Hippopotamus from Ravenscliff cave. Other cave records of 

 hippopotamus are by an anonymous writer (1 84-o) from Durdham Down, Bristol, 

 and by Falconer (1868) from Cefn, near St. Asaph." At Ravenscliff, as at Kirkdale, 

 the teeth include those of very young individuals. 



In 1866) Boyd Dawkins, in the Introduction to the first of the Palaeontographical 

 Society's monographs on the British Pleistocene Mammalia, by himself and W. A. 

 Sanford, gave a valuable summary of the occurrence and association of the Pleisto- 

 cene hippopotamus. In this introduction and in two papers — " On the Pleistocene 

 Climate and on the Relations of the Pleistocene Mammalia to the Glacial Period " 

 (1871), and the "Classification of the Pleistocene Strata of England and the 

 Continent by Means of the Mammalia " 9 (1872) — one of the subjects considered is 



1 ' Proc. Geol. Polyt. Soc. Torksh.,' iii, p. 321. 



Note. — The skull from a Lancashire peat bog noticed by C. Leigh (' Nat. Hist. Lancashire,' 1700, 

 p. 185), though accepted as fossil by Buckland and by Owen, is doubtless correctly regarded by 

 Woodward and Slierborn as a buried recent specimen. 



'-' ' Palseologica,' p. 533. 3 ' Ostcographie,' vii, p. 65. 



* ' Asiatic Researches,' xix, p. 40. ~> ' Quart. Joui-n. Geol. Soc.,' xvi, p. 487. 



6 ' Geologist," ii. p. 71. A further account is given by E. Wilson, ' Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc.,' n.s., 

 v (1885), p. 31. 



7 ' Paheont. Mem.,' ii, p. 581. s ' Pop. Science Review,' x, p. 388, 

 9 ' Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,' sxviii, p. 410. 



