LTTTORINA RUDIS. 653 



Remarks. — Looks like a deformed form of var. angulata, having a truncated 

 spire, coloured bands and a distorted outer lip. 



littorina rudis (Maton). Plate LIII, figs. 1, 2. 



179?. Turbo rudis, Maton, Nat. Hist. West Count. Engl., vol. i, p. 277. 



1804. Turbo rudis, Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. Shells, vol. i, pi. xxxiii, fig. 3. 



1807. Turbo rudis, Maton and Eacket, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. viii, p. 159, pi. iv, figs. 12, 13. 



1833. Turbo rudis. S. Woodward, Geol. of Norfolk, p. 44. 



1853. Littorina rudis, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iii, p. 32, pi. lxxxiii, figs. 1 — 3, 5 — 7. 



1859. Littorina rudis, G. B. Sowerby, 111. Ind. Brit, Shells, pi. xii, fig. 12. 



1863—71. Littorina rudis, Jeffreys, Rep. Brit, Assoc. (Newcastle-on-Tyne), p. 77, 1863; Brit, 



Conch., vol. iii, p. 364, 1865; vol. v, p. 206, pi. Ixv, fig. 3, 1869; in Prestwich, Quart. Journ. Geol. 



Soc, vol. xxvii, p. 489, 1871. 

 1841—70. Littorina rudis, Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass., 1st ed., p. 257, fig. 165, 1841 ; 2nd ed., p. 305, 



fig. 575, 1870. 

 1870. Littorina rudis, S. V. Wood, Jr., and F. W. Harmer, Rep. Brit, Assoc. (Liverpool), Sections. 



p. 90. 

 1872. Littorina rudis, S. V. Wood, Mon. Crag Moll., 1st Suppl., pt. i, p. 79, pi. v, fig. 9. 

 1872. Littorina rudis, A. and R. Bell, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. ii, p. 214. 

 1878. Littorina rudis, G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. aret, Norv., pp. 165, 358. 

 1888—93. Littorina rudis, A. Bell, Rep. Brit. Assoc. (Bath), p. 136, 1888 ; (Leeds), pp. 413, 417, 



419, 420, 1890; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. [3], vol. ii, p. 258, 1892; Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc, p. 63, 



1893. 

 1892. Littorina rudis, Locard, Coq. mar. Cotes de France, p. 188, fig. 164. 

 1894. Littorina rudis, Munthe, Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, vol. ii, p. 2. 

 1901. Littorina rudis, Br0gger, Norges geol. Unders^gelse, No. 31, pp. 384, 657, pi. ix, fig. 13, pi. xii, 



fig. 9. 

 1908. Littorina saxatilis, var. rudis, Kobelt, Icon, schalentrag. europ. Meeresconch., vol. iv, p. 59, 



pi. ex, figs. 6, 9, 10. 

 1910—15. Littorina rudis, Odhner, K. Svensk. Vet-Akad. Handl., vol. ii, pp. 8, 23, pi. i, figs. 1—4, 



1910; L. saxatilis, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. liv, p. 170, 1915. 



1912. Littorina saxatilis, sub-sp. rudissima, Dautzenberg et Fischer, Camp. Scieut., Prince de 

 Monaco, vol. xxxvii, p. 197, pi. x, figs. 5 — 20. 



1913. Littorina rudis, Grignoux, Ann. de l'Univ. de Lyon (n.s.), vol. i, pt. i, 36, p. 557. 



1915. Littorina rudis, Johnson, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Occ. papers, vol. vii, Fauna of New England, 

 No. 13, p. 121. 



Specific Characters. — Shell solid, ovato-turreted, smaller than the typical L. 

 littorea ; whorls convex, somewhat compressed or flattened below the suture, the 

 last being much the largest, about three-fourths the total length ; ornamented in 

 the type by flattened ridges, by minute and wavy spiral stria? and by slight and 

 irregular lines of growth; suture distinct, deeper than in L. littorea; spire short, 

 rapidly diminishing in size upwards, moderately pointed ; mouth angulated and 

 slightly channelled above ; outer lip thin, a little reflected, incurved towards the 

 pillar ; inner lip united to the upper lip, forming a thin glaze on the upper part of 

 the mouth ; pillar short but thick and broad, shelving inwards. 



Dimensions. — L. 15 mm. B. 13 mm. 



85 



