662 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



1865. Littorina littoralis, Rose. G-eol. Mag., vol. ii, p. 11. 



1865—84 Littorina obtusata, Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. iii, p. 356, 1865; vol. v, p. 205, pi. lxv, 



fig. 1, 1869; in Lamplugh, Quart. Journ. Greol. Soc, vol. xl, p. 319, 1884. 

 1878. Littorina obtusata, G-. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. arct. Norv., pp. 167, 358. 

 1890—92. Littorina obtusata, A. Bell, Proc Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. x, pp. 292, 296, 1890; Rep. 



Yorks. Phil. Soc, pp. 70, 72, 1892. 

 1890. Litorina obtusata, Carus, Prod. Faun. Medit., vol. ii, p. 350. 

 1892. Littorina obtusa, Locard, Coq. mar. Cotes de France, p. 187, fig. 163. 

 1899. Littorina obtusata, Posselt, Med 1. <>m. G-r0nl., vol. xxiii, p. 229. 



1901. Littorina obtusata, Bro'gger, Norges geol. Unders0gelse, No. 31, p. 657, pi. ix, fig. 15. 

 1908. Littorina (Neritoides) obtusata, Kobelt, Icon, sell ilent rag. europ. Meeresconch., vol. iv, p. 64, 



pi. ex, figs. 14 — 18. 

 1910. Littorina obtusata, Oven, K. Norske Vid. Selsk. Skrift., No. 9, pp. 15 et seq. 



Specific Characters. — Shell thick and strong, ovate; spire truncate, depressed ; 

 whorls 5 — 6, the last embracing nearly all the spire, obliquely expanded, covered 

 by excessively fine and hardly visible strios and by the lines of growth ; suture 

 slight; mouth large, more than half the total length, oblique, acutely angnlate 

 above ; outer and inner lip thickened, the latter spread over the pillar. 



Dimensions. — L. 16 mm. B. 14 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent: Among stones on the beaches of Great Britain below 

 high-water mark, Atlantic Coasts of Europe, from Finmark southwards, Green- 

 land, Iceland, White Sea, Mediterranean, Adriatic. 



Fossil: Icenian Crag: Bramerton. Isle of Man, AVexford 

 gravels, Bridlington, Nar Valley brickearth. Generally distributed in the Pleisto- 

 cene deposits of the British Islands. Occurring also in the Pleistocene of Norway 



Remarks. — This littoral species, common as a recent shell and in our Pleistocene 

 deposits, has not been reported hitherto from the Anglo-Belgian Crag. It 

 has been found at Bridlington by the late C. B. Rose in the Xar Valley brickearth 

 (Pleistocene), and by Mr. Bell in the Manxland drift and in the Wexford gravels. 

 One of the specimens here figured is from Bramerton, another from the raised 

 beach at Portland where it is exceedingly common, and a third from Wexford. 



Littorina neritoides (Linne). Plate LIII, fig, 21. 



1758. Turbo neritoides, Limie, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 761, no. 527. 



1836—44. Turbo neritoides, Philippi, En. Moll. Sic, vol. i, p. 189, 1836; vol. ii, p. 159, 1844. 



1846. Litorina neritoides, Loveii, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., vol. iii, p. 94, no. 161. 



1853. Littorina neritoides, Forbes and Hauley, Brit. Moll., vol. iii, p. 26, pi. lxxxiv, figs. 1, 2. 



1859. Littorina neritoides, G. B. Sowerby, 111. Itid. Brit, Shells, pi. xii, fig. 23. 



1865 — 69. Littorina neritoides, Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. iii, p. 361, 1865; vol. v, p. 206, pi. lxv, 



fig. 2, 1869. 

 1874 — 76. Littorina neritoides, Seguenza, Boll. R. Com. Ceol. Ital., vol. v. p. 6. no. 420, 1S74: 



vol. vii, p. 180, no. 707, 1876. 

 1884. Littorina neritoides, [Bucquoy, Dautzenberg et Dollfus, Mull. mar. Rouss., vol. i, p. 250, 



pi. xxvii, figs. 13—18. \ 



