LITTORTNA PALLIATA. 603 



1890. Littorina neritoides, Carus, Prod. Faun. Medit., vol. ii, p. 350. 

 1892. Littorina neritoides, A. Bell, Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc, no. 723, p. 63. 

 1892. Littorina neritoides, Locard, Coq. mar. Cotes de France, p. 190, fig. 166. 



1908. Littorina (Melarhaphe ?) neritoides, Kobelt, Icon, schalentrag. europ. Meeresconch., vol. iv, 

 p. 67, pi. cxi, figs. 11—15; pi. cxii, figs. 24—29. 



Specific Characters. — Shell varying - in size; whorls slightly compressed towards 

 the suture, overlapping, the last two-thirds the total length ; spire short, sharply 

 pointed; suture slight; month large, angulate above ; outer lip thin, expanded; 

 inner lip forming a wide glazed coating upon the pillar; pillar thick, bevelled to a 

 sharp edge. 



Dimensions. — L. (i — 12 mm. B. 3 — 8 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent: British seas, ranging also from Heligoland to the 

 Canaries. Mediterranean, Adriatic, ^Egean, Black Sea. 



Fossil : Waltonian Crag : Little Oakley. 



Pleistocene — Clyde beds (J. Geikie), Scotland, generally ; estuarine clays, 

 Belfast. Selsey, Garvel Park. 



Holocene : Portrush. 



Upper Pliocene : Altavilla. 



Pleistocene : Messina, Livorno. Tapes-banks, Christiania. 



Remarks. — I have a small and possibly immature specimen from Oakley, 

 which closely resembles the recent form of L. neritoides, except that the 

 base of the body-whorl is distinctly angulated. The late Mr. E. A. Smith, to 

 whom I submitted it, considered it a carinated and rather abnormal variety of that 

 species. 



Mr. Bell informs me that L. neritoides is exceedingly common in the estuarine 

 clays of north-east Ireland, where it is associated with a large variety of Tapes 

 aureus similar to that of the post-glacial deposits of Christiania. Dr. 0yen 

 informs me that although J,, neritoides occurs there as a fossil it does not now 

 live in that region. The specimen here figured, which I have received under that 

 name, is from Garvel Park. It is much larger than the usual form, but not than 

 some of those represented by MM. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Dollfus (op. cit., 

 , figs. 13 and 10). 



Littorina palliata (Say). Plate LIII, figs. 22, 23. 



1821. Turbo palliatus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat, Sci. Pliilad., vol. ii, p. 240. 



1841—70. Littorina palliata, Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass., ed. i, p. 260, tig. 167, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 309, 



fig. 578, 1870. 

 1842. Litoriiia arctica, Moller, Ind. Moll. Groenl., p. 9. 



1846. Litorina limata, Loven, K. Sveusk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., vol. iii, no. 164, p. 94. 

 1853. Littorina palliata, Forbes and Hauley, Brit. Moll., vol. iii, p. 51, pi. lxxxiv, figs. 8—10. 

 1859. Littorina palliata, G. B. Sowerby, 111. Ind. Brit, Shells, pi. xii, fig. 24. 



