12 FOSSIL INSECTS OF THE BRITISH COAL MEASURES. 



Further discoveries will doubtless do much to eliminate these difficulties, but 

 present knowledge is such that recent entomology helps very little, and the 

 classification of Palaeozoic insects must be largely based on the known fossils, 

 realising that many of the intermediate forms are yet unknown. 



The classifications of various authors vary widely, and even the broad general 

 facts of relationship are still uncertain. The earliest attempt at a classification 

 of fossil insects appears to have been that of Goldenberg (1873 — 1877, 'Fauna 

 Saraspontana Fossilis : Die Fossilen Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von 

 Saarbriicken.') He recognised a new Order, Pala?odictvoptera, for the inclusion 

 of fossil insects differing in structure and the shape of the wings from 

 living representatives of the Orders Neuroptera and Orthoptera, while also 

 possessing characters which seem to link the two orders together. He did 

 not define the order, but arranged it with the other orders as follows : 



Order. — Paljeodictyoptera, Goldenb. 



Genera. — Dictyoneura, Goldenb.; Etigereon, Dohrn; Miamia, Dana; Hemeristia, Dana; 

 Haplophlebium, Scudder. 

 Order. — Orthoptera. 



Sub-order. — Orthoptera Pseudo-Neuroptera. 



Genera. — Termes, Goldenb. ; Termitidium, Goldenb. 

 Sub-order. — Orthoptera vera. 



Genus. — Blattina, Germar. 

 Order. — Rhynchota. 



Sub-order. — Homoptera. 



Genus. — Fnlgorina, Goldenb. 



Scudder (1887, article " Insecta," ' Traite de Palaeontologie,' by Karl von 

 Zittel, translated by Dr. Charles Barrois, vol. ii, ' Palaeozoologie,' pp. 7-16 — 833), in 

 his latest classification, considerably extended that of Goldenberg, while retaining 

 the primitive group of the Palseodictyoptera. His complete arrangement is as 

 follows : 



A.— PAL.EODICTYOPTERA, Goldenberg. 

 Orthopteroidea, Scudder. 



Family. — Palaeoblattarise, Scudder. 

 Sub-family. — My lacridse, Scudder. 



Genera. — Mylacris, Scd. ; Premylacris, Scd. ; Paramylacris, Scd. ; Lithomylacris, 

 Scd. ; Necymylacriti, Scd. 

 Sue-family. — Blattinariae, Scudder. 



Genera.-^Efoblatfina, Scd. ; Spiloblattina, Scd.; Archimylacris, Scd.: ArUhraco- 

 blattina, Scd. ; Gerablattina, Scd. ; Hermatoblatlina, Scd. ; Progonoblat- 

 ti)ia, Scd.; Oryctoblattina, Scd.; Petrablattina, Scd. ; Porohlattiita, Scd. 

 Family. — Protopbasinidse, Brong. 



Genera. — Titanophasma, Brong. ; Litoneura, Scd.; Dictyoneura, Goldenb.; 

 Poliojrfenus, Scd.; Archseoptilus, Scd.; Protophasma, Brong. ; Breyeria, 

 de Borre; Meganeura, Brong.; JEdceopltasma, Scd.; Goldenbergia, 

 Scd. ; Haplophlebium, Scd. ; Paolia, Smith; Archegogryllus, Scd. 



