80 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



with the pi'obcible food of the denizens of the two regions, and the resnlts of natural 

 selection. How far a race character can be determined on one or other conditions I am 

 not at present prepared to say, but with the view of arriving at some conclusion on this 

 head I have carefully attempted to determine the relative thickness of the ridges in a 

 large number of molars from British and foreign localities with the following results :^ 



All the teeth from Kent's Cavern, Devonshire, show the Arctic type, and have 

 tidn enamel. In two molars from Brighton, in the British Museum, one from " gravel " 

 is ^//2;2-plated, whilst another from a " raised beach " (?), and in Mantell's Collec- 

 tion, is if/wc^-piated. It might be asked were these two deposits contemporaneous ? In 

 the National Collection the following localities have produced Mammoth molars with thin- 

 plates : — No. 27,908, railway-cutting Ipswich ; No. 47,122 Kettering, Northampton- 

 shire; No. 41,081, Isle of Dogs, "in peat;" and Penny Stratford, in Bucks; also 

 Lexden, in Bucks, "in peat;" at Lamarsh, a railway-cutting in the Stour Valley, 

 furnished three molars, and which are now in the British Museum. One tooth has thick 

 enamel, and in two it is thin. With one exception, and that is in the mandible referred 

 to at p. 108, all the Dogger Bank molars are ?^/^?;2-plated. So numerous are Mr. 

 Owles' gatherings in the British Museum that no less than twenty-four ultimate true 

 molars of the Mammoth are represented. 



A tooth from a "raised beach," PI. XI, figs. 1 and Ic, in Bracklesham Bay, is very 

 ^/«'« -plated. 



Falconer refers to a //«';?-plated molar from the Mendip Oaves ; ^ there is a 

 similar tooth from a cavern near Wells, Somersetshire, in the British Museum, and 

 another from HiNT0N,in the same county, in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons ; 

 a tooth in the National Collection, from Wookey Hole, is also decidedly //////-plated, as 

 seen in PL X, figs. 3 and 3«. It is, however, only a penultimate milk-molar, and may 

 be considered as scarcely characteristic. 



The molars dredged up on the East Coast of Norfolk are, for the most part, thin- 

 plated, but specimens from Harwich and Cromer, in the British Museum, have thick 

 enamel. Their exact stratigraphical positions, however, are uncertain. The teeth from 

 Ilford, as shown by Davies, not only represent a small form or race, but are unexcep- 

 tionally /^^c/(•-plated, whilst those from Crayford and Erith, on the opposite side of the 

 river, are if//?/2-plated ; and whilst a i'//2c,i-plated tooth is represented by a molar from the 

 river deposits of the Thames under Pall Mall, in London, the other extreme is well 

 shown by PI. XIV, fig. 1, from Millbank, higher up, and others from Thames river 

 deposit at Battersea, Clapton, and from Oxford gravels ; the last named are 



1 It is of importance in calculating the actual thickness of the plates and space occupied by each to 

 take the measurement at the enamel reflections, as the ridges have a tendency to bend towards one 

 another about the middle of the molar. The enamel, on the other hand, is generally thickest about the 

 middle of the plate. 



2 'Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 172. 



