ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— MILK MOLARS. 87 



figs. 1 and 1 a. Mr. Davies has recorded its chief admeasurements. T may observe, 

 however, that there is only one fang-pit for the (2?2/e-penultimate milk-tooth. It might 

 be inferred that the posterior was obliterated by the advancing penultimate molar, but 

 this is rendered unlikely by the circumstance that the tips of the anterior ridges only 

 are worn down. There is a greater likelihood, therefore, that the ante-penultimate tooth 

 had one connate fang, like the Saxon specimen and those already referred to. Thus, I 

 repeat, they confirm the condition as of occasional occurrence also in E. primigenius. 



This mandible shows a produced chin (fig. 1 a) and low inclination of the diastema 

 (fig. 1 a), which descends nearly perpendicularly at first, but soon declines and becomes 

 nearly horizontal before it reaches the rostrum, which is rudimentary, thus displaying a 

 feature of the jaw of the adult Mastodon, and repeating a character common also to the 

 young stages of growth in E. antiqims, E. meridionalis, and the two recent species. 



I am indebted to my friend. Professor Dawkins, F.R.S., for permission to figure (and 

 print his notes on) the following specimens of «;2^^-penultimate milk-molars discovered by 

 him in the Caverns of Somersetshire and Yorkshire. 



Notes on the First Functional Milk Molar of ElrpJias primigenim. By Professor 



Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S. 



" The specimens of the very rare teeth which form the subject of these remarks were 

 discovered in the Wookey Hole Hy^ena-den in 1864, and in the Robin Hood and 

 Church Hole Caves, Creswell Crags, Yorkshire, in 1876, in both cases in cave- 

 earth along with^ the remains of Hyaenas, Lions, Woolly Rhinoceroses, Reindeer, 

 Bisons, Horses, and other animals usually found in Hyaena-dens north of the Alps and 

 Pyrenees as far as the latitude of Kirkdale in Yorkshire. They consist of four teeth : 



" 1. (PI. VIII, fig. 5) right lower milk molar (DM. 2), from Church Hole Cave. 



" 2. (PI. VIII, fig. 6) right lower milk molar (DM. 2), from Wookey Hole Cave. 



" 3. (PI. VIII, fig. 7) right upper milk molar (DM. 2), from Robin Hood Cave. 



" 4. (PI. VIII, fig. 4) right upper milk molar (DM. 2), from Wookey Hole Cave. 



" Measurements. — Their size, as compared with the corresponding teeth of other 

 individuals and species, may be gathered from the following table, in which, also, is placed 

 the ridge-formula. 



1 Boyd Dawkins, 'Cave Hunting,' p. 295 ; 'Quart. Geol. Journ. Loud.,' August, 1877, p. 590, et seq. 



