92 



BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



Number. 



Ridge- 

 formula. 



Dimensions. 



Disks in 

 wear. 



Thickness 

 of plates. 



Remarks. 



1248 



X 6 X 



1-9 xO-85 



6 



0-16 



Great Chamber, 4-foot level, 10th February, 1866. 



1059 



X 6 



1-5 X 09-5 



6 



0-2 



Ditto ditto 20th December, 1865. 

 The ceQient is denuded from the sides of both of 



2 

 3489 











these molars, and also portions of the enamels. 



X 8 X 



2-5 X 1-4 







0-3 



Smerdon's Passage, 4-foot level, with teeth of 













Hyaena, Horse, Irish Elk, and Rhinoceros, 













October 6th, 1870. 



6066 



x8x 



2-3 X 1-25 



5 



0-2 



Long Arcade, 2-foot level, 16th January, 1873. 



2677 



X 7 X 



2-1 X 1-3 



2 to 3? 



0-26 



Great Chamber, 2-foot level, 4th July, 1867. 



2135 



X 7 X 



1-9 X 1-27 



9 



? 



Vestibule, 4-foot level, 13th February, 1867. 



The molar, Plate XIII, fig. 2, shown in profile, also from Kent's Cavern, is 

 now in the British Museum. Here x Q x in a lower-jaw tooth is contained in 2xl'2 

 inch, the average thickness of each plate being 0"3 inch. The crown is not invaded. 



The teeth in mandible No. 44,967, No. 37, Brady Collection, B. M. (Plate X, figs. 1 

 and 1 a), display crowns just invaded, and holding six plates besides two talons in 2 X I'l 

 inch. 



This mandible is very characteristic of the above stage of dentition of the species. 

 The open gutter, thick horizontal ramus, low diasteme, and rather pointed chin are 

 present, with the empty socket of the ante-penultimate in front ; whilst the scarcely 

 detrited crowns of the penultimate show that the individual was very young. 



An occasional tooth may present unusual breadth of crown. Thus, I was shown by 

 Mr. Pitch, F.G.S., of Norwich, a second penultimate milk-molar from the Norwich Coast 

 holding w Q X in a space of 2*7 X 2*2 inches in width. The enamel was very t/iin. 



All the penultimates, like the succeeding molars from Ilford, present thicker enamel 

 than typical crowns of the species, but they also belonged to relatively smaller individuals 

 than represented by equivalent teeth from the Arctic regions, and by specimens from certain 

 British localities, to which reference has been made in connection with the former 

 condition, as I shall have frequent occasion to point out in the sequel. 



Prom the foregoing and numerous other specimens I find the penultimate milk-molar 

 of the Mammoth varies constantly from cV G a? to cz* 9 a? in variable dimensions, not, 

 however, always dependent on the number of ridges. 



Jfmities. — Of the affinities between this member of the dental series and that of 

 E. antiquus and E. meridionalis there is little to add to what I have already stated in connec- 

 tion with E. antiquus at page 15 of ray Monograph on that Elephant. As regards breadth 

 of crown, there is a similarity between that of the Mammoth and E. meridionalis, but the 

 latter shows invariably a larger quantity of intervening cement, and presents a less 



