ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— MILK MOLARS. 95 



Molyneux in Vol. xxix of the ' Philosophical Transactions ' (fig. 2 of Plate to No. 346), 

 represented an upper ultimate milk tooth holding x 11 x in 5f X If. In the late 

 acquisition made by the authorities of the British Museum of the collection of Pleistocene 

 Mammals collected by Mr. Owles from dredgings on the Dogger Bank, off the York- 

 shire Coast,^ is a palate containing two ultimate milk molars, each of which has a ridge 

 formula of x 12 x in 5'2x2*4 inches. The crowns converge in front where the inter- 

 vening space is 1*9 inches. At the middle it is 2*9 inches, and posteriorly at the talons 

 36 inches. The machserides of the enamel are slightly crimped near the middle of 

 the disk. 



Through the kindness of my friend Professor McKenny Plughes, I have been 

 enabled to examine the fine collection of Proboscidean remains contained in the Wood- 

 wardian Museum, Cambridge. Among the treasures from British strata is a series of 

 Mammoth molars from Kirby, Melton Mowbray, in Leicestershire, amounting to some 

 twenty specimens, which were presented by the late Professor Phillips. The remarkable 

 feature relating to these teeth is, as before stated, their small size, as compared with the 

 ordinary grinders of the species, and their consequent resemblance in that respect to the 

 Ilford molars. A third upper milk molar (No 42) holds cT 12 x m 4^Xlf, and 

 eight ridges in a space of 2j inches. This tooth, when compared with No. 39 of the 

 above collection, is relatively smaller, and would indicate that the latter belonged to the 

 next in succession, with which I have no hesitation in placing it. 



The crown elements here indicate a thin plate, but not so pronounced as in many 

 other teeth from British localities. 



Another (No. 22) in the same collection, from gravel at Barton, near Cambridge, 

 holds X 12 X in 4x2|. Here the crown is unusually broad, and the tooth short and 

 stumpy. The plates are tliin, and eight ridges are contained in 2^ inches. 



The Brady Collection (No. 20, B. M.) contains two upper ultimate milk molars, 

 with as low a ridge formula as x 10 a? in 5 X 2*4. Each contains eight ridges in 2f 

 inches, and I have seen another molar of the upper jaw, also from Ilford, with a? 10 <r in 

 only 3-8 xr6 inches. There were eight ridges to 2| inches. These small teeth and 

 low formulae in Mammoth molars from Ilford will be seen to agree with the disposition to 

 similar characters in their true molars, especially the last of the series, and, as has just 

 been stated, in connection with the penultimate milk molar. 



The lowest ridge formula 1 have seen in this member of the milk series, repeating in 

 fact the maximum number in the penultimate, is displayed by a specimen in the British 

 Museum from Epplesheim, in Germany. It holds x 9 x in 4^Xl| inches, and eight 

 ridges in a space of 3 inches. The enamel is ildn, with rather an unusual excess of the 

 other dental elements. It is interesting to compare the above with the penultimate milk 

 tooth from Ilford, described at p. 90, as it shows Falconer's rule, that "the members are 



^ Mr. Davies, F.G.S., has lately contributed a paper to the Geological Magazine, vol. v, 1878, on 

 the Animal Remains from this situation. 



