ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— MILK MOLARS. 97 



Three fragments of raaudiblcs from Ilford in the Brady Collection exhibit teeth 

 holding eleven to twelve plates besides talons. One, No. 41, PI. VIII, fig. 1, is more entire 

 than the others, and has the last milk molar in full wear ; and although the first true 

 molar is wanting, no doubt a few of its more anterior ridges had also been invaded.^ 

 The height of this jaw at the commencement of the diasteme is 4" 3 inches, and the 

 maximum thickness of the ramus is 2' 5 inches. The diasteme is nearly vertical, and 

 measures 3| inches from the summit to the floor of the gutter, which has the usual open 

 contour of the Mammoth. It is 4 inches in the antero-posterior diameter. The chin, 

 as usual, is rounded, and the mental foramina amount to two outer and one inner in 

 either ramus. Although the rostrum is lost, like the others, it was evidently small. 



The occasional crimping of the machserides of the enamel of the disk is well shown in 

 a much worn lower last milk tooth in the ramus No. 39 of the same collection. This 

 jaw has three outer and one inner mentary openings. 



There is a cast of a mandible presented by M. Lartet to the British Museum from 

 Lyons. It shows a last milk tooth holding cc 12 w in 3f inches. The maximum thick- 

 ness of the ramus at the base of the coronoid is 3^ inches. The latter is quite erect, 

 but the diasteme is not so perpendicular as in the foregoing. Here there are three 

 mentary foramina on one side and only two on the other. 



One of a pair of very typical lower last milk molars, No. 39,041, B. M., from a " Raised 

 Beach " at Bracklesham Bay, is shown, crown and profile, in Plate XI, figs. 1 and 1 a. 

 It holds X 12 X. The enamel is very tJiin, and almost cordate, without the faintest indica- 

 tion of crimping. The crown is quite concave with an anterior curved fang and coalescence 

 of the posterior into a shell, showing that the tooth is not half worn down, and in just that 

 state of detrition which best displays the specific characters of a molar. 



No. 16 of the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, is a fragment of mandible con- 

 taining a milk molar from gravel at Chesterton, in the neighbourhood. Here the plates 

 aie thick, but the grossness arises from an increase of all the elements, more especially 

 the cement and dentine. It holds x 12 x in 4|X Ij, and 8 ridges in 4-1 inches. 



The lower molar, No. 21,315, B. M., from Ilioru, and cited by Falconer as a good 

 illustration of the last milk tooth, ^ shows a remarkably narrow crown for that of the 

 Mammoth, but on close inspection of the specimen I find the seven posterior ridges do 

 not belong to the same tooth, and have been cemented to the anterior portion, from which 

 it is clear that the, specimen was made up, probably by the late Mr. Ball, who seems to 

 have displayed much ingenuity in patching up broken fossils. 



The same average of plates appears to obtain in ultimate lower milk molars as in the 

 upper jaw ; possibly an occasional extra ridge may occur in the former. 



' PI. ii, fig. 5, of the 'Ossemens Fossiles,' exhibits, perhaps, this stage and state of wear, or nearly 

 so ; also De Blainville, pi. x, fig. 3. 

 - 'Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 162. 



