100 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



w 13 X in 6x2'7 inches, and eight ridges in 3J inches. The enamel in this specimen is 

 conspicuously f/iin as compared with that usually seen in true molars from Ilford in the 

 neighbourhood. This specimen is in the British Museum. 



The fluviatile gravels in and around Barnwell, Cambridgeshire, have been prolific in 

 remains of the Mammoth. There is a series in the Woodwardian Museum of associated 

 grinders of this species from one situation, comprising two upper well-worn ultimate 

 milk teeth, and two upper first true molars, evidently of the same individual, besides two 

 lower penultimate true molars, and fragments of other permanent teeth, representing, at 

 least, two individuals. 



The upper tooth, No. 57, holds x 13 ,v in 6fx2|, and contains eight ridges in 

 3^ inches. The enamel is t/nc/c — a character which runs through the set. 



The tooth (No. 42) from Kirby, Leicestershire, referred to the last of the milk 

 series (p. 95), is rivalled by another and larger molar in the same collection (No. 39), 

 It holds X 13 X in 4f X2|, and eight ridges in 2^ inches. According to the ordinary 

 size of the last milk, this specimen would be considered by no means a large one ; but it 

 contains a ridge over the usual number in a proportionately small species, and is a quarter 

 of an inch longer than the tooth No. 42. These facts, taken into account in relation to the 

 diminutive ultimate molars from the same locality, described at p. Ill, one of which is 

 shown in Plate XIII, figs. 1 and 1 a, seem to associate all with a small form or race, or 

 else dwarfed individuals. I have therefore placed the above molar among the first true, 

 rather than the last milk teeth . The characters of the crown constituent are as in the 

 other tooth at p. 95, the plates being rather thin and crowded 



A still higher expression of the ridge formula in upper molars of this stage of growth 

 is well shown in a tooth in the University Museum, Oxford, from the Oxford gravel 

 under the city. It holds a* 14 a? in 55X2'8 inches and eight in 2^ inches, showing the 

 differences in dimensions as compared with the number of ridges and the thinness of the 

 plates as compared with the ordinary Mammoth's molars met with in the lower parts of 

 the river below London. The latter is well shown in an Ilford molar, in which x 14 x 

 are contained in 6JX2J inches and it holds eight in 3^. 



A molar (No. 25) found in gravel at Westwick Hall, near Cambridge, and now in 

 the Woodwardian collection, contains a? 14 a? in 7 X 2^ inches and eight ridges in 3f . The 

 enamel is rather thick and there is slight crimping of the machacrides of the disks. 



The highest expression of the ridge formula in a tooth referable to this stage of the 

 dentition is represented by two very entire and beautifully preserved molars (Nos. 11 and 

 12) in the Woodwardian museum from St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire. Each tooth holds 

 a? 15 .r in 5^X2, and has eight ridges in 2.6 inches. The enamel is thin. These teeth 

 were accompanied by a long and slender tusk which measures 52 inches in length. 



Lower molars. — The same Museum contains two lower molars from Lexden, near 

 Colchester, Essex (Eisher Collection). Each tooth holds x 13 ,r in 6X22^ inches, and 

 contains eight ridges in 4t inches. 



