102 



BRITISH POSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



When compared with two jaws of the Asiatic Elephant presenting precisely the same 

 states of wear, the differences in these and other characters already noted become at once 

 apparent. In all of the following jaws the ridge formula of a? 12 ^z? is present. The ante- 

 penultimates show well-worn crowns, with the anterior ridges nearly ground down to the 

 common base. The penultimates are in germ with the tips of their coUines appearing. 

 They furnish the following metrical data. 





E. Asiaticus, 



No. 1445 a, 



Osteological 



Catalogue, B.M. 



E. Asiaiicus, 



No. 2674, 



Cat. Mus. Roy. 



Coll. Surg. Eng. 



E. prhniffenius. 



No. ,<V iirady. 



Collection, B.M. 



Ilford. 



E. primigenius, 



Epplesheim, 



B.M. (F. A. Siv., 



pi. 13 A, B, fig. 2). 



Extreme length of the mandible 



Greatest thickness in front of ascending 

 ramus 



Inches. 



221 



I' 



18 

 H 



2i 

 3-3 



4i 

 2* 



Inches. 

 25 



G 



l.H 

 (i 

 ') 



3 

 4 



5i 

 3^ 

 2i 



Inches. 

 21 



6 



201 

 5-9 

 2-2 

 3-4 

 6 



H 



3i 

 3 



Inches. 

 lf)-8 



4-8 

 4-7 



16 



.5-4 

 2-2 



2-4 



48 



Height in front of the molar 



Greatest expansion of rami (from their outer 



borders) 



Length of the molar 



Width at sixth ridge 



Space between the molars (in front) 



Ditto ditto (behind) 



Space occupied by eight plates 



Tjp of rostrum to posterior border of the 

 gutter 



Antero-posterior length of symphysis below 

 Width of the gutter at its middle 



Mandible No. ^- of the Brady Catalogue and Collection just referred to, as figured in 

 Plate VIII, fig. 2, is somewhat remarkable for the number and length of its digitations, 

 showing thirteen disks in wear and only five with their digitations worn out. The molars 

 contain respectively x\2x in 5-2 X 2*2 inches. 



These jaws are fully described by Davies, and present the best series of mandibles of 

 the adolescent stage of growth in the Mammoth that have come under my notice. 



The jaw No. ^^3- presents the remarkably long rostrum shown in Woodcuts, figs. 1 1 

 and 25 (p. 139), fully 4^ inches in length; but it descends, and is therefore not in the 

 way of the pre-raaxillaries. The well-worn crowns of the molars in the jaw show consider- 

 able crimping of the machserides near the middle of the disk. The condyles are entire in 

 this specimen, the distance between them being 13 inches, and each is 3 inches in the 

 antero-posterior, by 3^ inches in the transverse diameter. 



No. -^-^ (Woodcuts, figs. 12 and 20, p. 139), B. M., presents a similar long beak, 

 grooved and continuous with the spout. The mental foramina are irregular as to position. 

 The crowns of the molars show thicker plates than usual in crowns from Ilford ; indeed, in 

 all or nearly all of the first true molars from Ilford examined by me there are about eight 

 plates in a space of 4 inches, and in the mandible, No. 47, already cited, that number is 



