106 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



They were found in Shandon Cave, along with other remains of the Mammoth, including 

 two upper penultimate molars, possibly of the same individual, but the last-named teeth 

 have been ground down to their common base in front, consequently cannot be placed in 

 their position in the dental series with the same certainty, although I doubt not they 

 were the opposing teeth of the two in question. Judging from the small size of the tusks 

 which accompanied them, the probabiHty is that they belonged to a female. The enamel 

 is thick, and the cement is in excess, whilst the crowns of the upper molars are unusually 

 convex, and those of the lower preternaturally concave. 



A superb specimen of a lower second true molar, Plate XII, fig. I, from Crayford, 

 Thames Valley, holds x 15 or else \% x in S^-XSj inches. The anterior portion 

 of the crown is worn to the common base, so that the number of ridges is not quite 

 clearly defined ; however, the tooth is perfect with that exception, and the loss cannot 

 exceed a ridge at the most. It was obtained from the " lower brick-earth," and is in 

 the Muse am of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. Like other molars from the above 

 locality, it presents a thin enamel as compare^l with the thiclc of the Ilford specimens. 



Two molars (Nos. 54 and 55) in the Woodwardian Museum, from gravel at Barn- 

 well, near Cambridge, hold x 10 in 7X2^ and eight ridges in 3j. Neither is quite 

 entire, but No. 54 does not seem to have lost more than its posterior talon. I have referred 

 before^ to this tooth as one of a series from the above locality. The specimens indicate rather 

 small individuals, which contrast with the stupendous femur in the Museum of Zoology, 

 Cambridge, from the same locality, the length of this thigh bone being 50 inches. 



Two somewhat arcuated molars, each showing x\^ x in 8jX2"8 inches, and con- 

 taining eight ridges in 3J inches, are present in a mandible lately discovered during the 

 Oxford main drainage works. The specimen is in the University Museum. The 

 mandible, like the teeth, presents all the characters of the Mammoth. The height of the 

 jaw in front of the molars is 6^ inches, and breadth of the spout in front between the erect 

 diastemes is 2| inches. The posterior portion of the jaw is wanting. 



There are several fragments, and nearly entire true molars, from Heddingham, Essex, 

 in the British Museum. Among them is a nearly entire penultimate lower molar, holding 

 a? 15 in 8^X2^ and eight in 4| inches. The remarkable peculiarities of these teeth 

 are that this penultimate and another fragment show unusual thickness of enamel and 

 cement, whilst another displays the ver^ reverse. In consequence of these discrepancies 

 in teeth from the same locality and evidently similar deposits, it seems to me that all 

 attempts to correlate thick and thin plated varieties of the crowns of molars in connection 

 with localities receives a marked exception in this instance and in other cases, as will be 

 shown in the sequel. . 



A ridge formula of a? 17 a? in 7jX2*7 inches, and containing eight in 3-3 inches, is 

 well shown in another mandible in the Oxford University Museum, from deposits 

 underlying OxroiiD. 



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