ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— TRUE MOLARS. Ill 



colour and friable consistence characteristic of remains from peat. They are recorded 

 to have been found in conjunction with remains of Bhinoceros leptorhinus. The crown 

 constituents of all these Lexden molars — and they represent, at all events, two individuals 

 — present the same relative proportions as the Mammoths' molars from the Dogger Bank ; 

 there are, moreover, a last upper and a fragment of another true molar from the same 

 locahty in the Museum of Practical Geology. Both present similar features, and hold 

 eight ridges in 3^ inches. 



The British Museum has acquired lately an upper molar from Aylesford in 

 Kent, the ridge-formula of which is <^' 19 a? in 10x2^ inches. It is stated to have been 

 from " gravel." 



The molar figured in the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' pi. 1, fig. 1, and sawn up the 

 middle, is in the British Museum. It is labelled from Bacton, Norfolk, and appears to 

 me to show a ridge-formula of <?> 1 9 <r in 11 X 3 inches. Falconer states that it holds 

 twenty-one plates, with the supposition that it is not quite entire, but I think a careful 

 inspection of the tooth will show that it is entire, and has two accessory ridges or 

 talons. The plates are rather thick, the excess being about equally divided in the 

 three elements. As many as 4 inches are included in an antero-posterior measurement 

 of eight plates. 



The progressive increase of plates is well illustrated by numerous British and foreign 

 specimens in various collections. 



During the formation of the Stowe , Valley Railway, in a cutting near Lamarsh, 

 several molars of the Mammoth were discovered, which are now in the National Collection. 

 Among others is an upper ultimate, containing d' 20 cT in 9x3 inches, and eight ridges 

 in 3j inches. 



In the Oxford University Museum there is an ultimate molar, containing ,2? 20 a? in 

 10x3^, and eight ridges in 3^ inches. It was obtained from Leighton Buzzard, 

 Bedfordsliire. 



In the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, there is a molar, No. 7, from Crayford, 

 which contains a? 20 a? in 10| X 3 j, and holds eight ridges in 4 inches. The machserides 

 of the disks are slightly crimped in the usual position, viz. along the central portion of the 

 anterior border, and the enamel is thin. 



In the Phillips collection of teeth, from Kirby, in the Woodwardian Museum, already 

 referred to at p. 95, are several ultimate molars, two of which are among the smallest 

 upper last molars of the Mammoth that I have examined. 



No. 35, represented in PL XIII, fig. I and 1 a, has the following inscription 

 indistinctly written on the cement of the left side of the tooth : — " From Kirby Park, 12 

 feet beneath the surface, 1821. For this and other specimens I am indebted to the liberality 

 of Mr. (name effaced), Melton Mowbry." Indeed, as regards dimensions, this tooth is 

 not larger than the equivalent molar of the largest of the Pigmy Maltese Elephants, 



